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Although it has been consistently demonstrated that breech presentation is associated with fetal growth retardation, this relationship has not been clarified. This study intends to elucidate this association by use of live births recorded in North Carolina in 1988 and 1989. A remarkable difference in birth weight between breech and vertex infants existed only in the preterm births. Although the breech infants had a higher proportion of small for gestational age than the vertex infants, the difference in the proportions decreased with advancing gestational age. Our analysis indicated that breech presentation is unlikely to be a cause of fetal growth retardation. Results of the study also implied that the significant association between breech presentation and increased perinatal mortality may be due in part to the common correlation with premature delivery and fetal growth retardation.
J Zhang, and
P J Schwingl
March 1968,
Minerva ginecologica,
J Zhang, and
P J Schwingl
January 1968,
Bulletin de la Federation des societes de gynecologie et dobstetrique de langue francaise,
J Zhang, and
P J Schwingl
March 1956,
Rivista d'ostetricia e ginecologia pratica,
J Zhang, and
P J Schwingl
January 1963,
Gynecologie et obstetrique,
J Zhang, and
P J Schwingl
September 1963,
Anais brasileiros de ginecologia,
J Zhang, and
P J Schwingl
July 1984,
Obstetrics and gynecology,
J Zhang, and
P J Schwingl
January 1985,
Early human development,
J Zhang, and
P J Schwingl
January 2003,
Fetal diagnosis and therapy,
J Zhang, and
P J Schwingl
July 1976,
The British journal of radiology,
J Zhang, and
P J Schwingl
January 1994,
Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny raekke,
