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There is increasing evidence that urea movement across many epithelia involves more than passive diffusion. Of particular interest is the observation that urea transport across the erythrocyte membrane and across the vasopressin-stimulated urinary bladder of the toad occurs by facilitated diffusion, and can be selectively inhibited by phloretin and chromate. These inhibitory agents have been employed in studies of renal urea reabsorption by the spiny dogfish Squalus acanthias. Both agents inhibit urea reabsorption; the effect of chromate is of particular interest, since it blocks urea reabsorption to a proportionately greater extent than sodium reabsorption, and does so irreversibly.
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