Biomaterial Database

Formation of methemoglobin by 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone, MX, in rat erythrocytes in vitro. 1993

L Risto, and T Vartiainen, and H Komulainen

National Public Health Institute, Division of Environmental Health, Kuopio, Finland.

Oxidative effects of 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX), the principal bacterial mutagen in chlorinated drinking water were studied in rat erythrocytes. Upon incubation of rat blood with 14C-labelled MX (2 micrograms/ml), 42% of the radioactivity was found in plasma, 26% in erythrocyte cell membranes and 32% bound in hemoglobin. Although it was bound to hemoglobin, MX (1 mM) did not immediately affect the oxygen binding capacity of hemoglobin. MX (0.5 to 5 mM) decreased the portion of oxyhemoglobin and increased that of methemoglobin in erythrocytes suspended in buffer in a time- and concentration-dependent fashion. In the same concentration range MX did not stimulate proteolysis nor did it cause hemolysis in erythrocytes. The results indicate that MX binds to hemoglobin and stimulates oxidation of hemoglobin in erythrocytes but MX does not cause overt oxidative damage to erythrocytes.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008297	Male		Males
D008706	Methemoglobin		Ferrihemoglobin
D009153	Mutagens	Chemical agents that increase the rate of genetic mutation by interfering with the function of nucleic acids. A clastogen is a specific mutagen that causes breaks in chromosomes.	Clastogen,Clastogens,Genotoxin,Genotoxins,Mutagen
D010100	Oxygen	An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.	Dioxygen,Oxygen-16,Oxygen 16
D011485	Protein Binding	The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.	Plasma Protein Binding Capacity,Binding, Protein
D004912	Erythrocytes	Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing HEMOGLOBIN whose function is to transport OXYGEN.	Blood Cells, Red,Blood Corpuscles, Red,Red Blood Cells,Red Blood Corpuscles,Blood Cell, Red,Blood Corpuscle, Red,Erythrocyte,Red Blood Cell,Red Blood Corpuscle
D005663	Furans	Compounds with a 5-membered ring of four carbons and an oxygen. They are aromatic heterocycles. The reduced form is tetrahydrofuran.	Tetrahydrofurans
D006454	Hemoglobins	The oxygen-carrying proteins of ERYTHROCYTES. They are found in all vertebrates and some invertebrates. The number of globin subunits in the hemoglobin quaternary structure differs between species. Structures range from monomeric to a variety of multimeric arrangements.	Eryhem,Ferrous Hemoglobin,Hemoglobin,Hemoglobin, Ferrous
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D017208	Rats, Wistar	A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.	Wistar Rat,Rat, Wistar,Wistar Rats