Biomaterial Database

Effects of CPAP on cardiac output in pigs with pacing-induced congestive heart failure. 1995

J Genovese, and S Huberfeld, and A Tarasiuk, and M Moskowitz, and S M Scharf

Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY 11042, USA.

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) may improve left ventricular (LV) function in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). To understand mechanisms involved, in nine sedated, unanesthetized pigs with pacing-induced CHF we measured cardiac index (CI), heart rate (HR), LV pressures and volumes, ejection fraction (LVEF), and maximal rate of LV pressure rise (dp/dtmax). LV end-systolic transmural pressure (afterload) was estimated as LV end-systolic pressure (LVESP)-CPAP. Measurements were taken at CPAP 0, 5, 10, and 15 cm H2O and during recovery. At CPAP 5 cm H2O, CI increased from 4.23 +/- 1.00 to 4.99 +/- 0.88 L/min/m2 (p < 0.005), LV end-systolic volume decreased from 82.3 +/- 32.1 to 72.7 +/- 30.3 ml (p < 0.04) and LVEF increased from 0.30 +/- 0.09 to 0.36 +/- 0.12 (p < 0.02), and dp/dtmax increased. LVESP-CPAP was unchanged. After CPAP was discontinued, there was a rise in CI (p < 0.03), HR (p < 0.03), LVESP (p < 0.02), dp/dtmax (p < 0.02) and a decrease in total peripheral resistance (p < 0.03). We conclude that in CHF, low levels of CPAP improved CI, at least partly by improving contractility. Increased CI after discontinuing CPAP may be due to sympathoadrenal stimulation or withdrawal of alpha-adrenergic tone.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D011175	Positive-Pressure Respiration	A method of mechanical ventilation in which pressure is maintained to increase the volume of gas remaining in the lungs at the end of expiration, thus reducing the shunting of blood through the lungs and improving gas exchange.	Positive End-Expiratory Pressure,Positive-Pressure Ventilation,End-Expiratory Pressure, Positive,End-Expiratory Pressures, Positive,Positive End Expiratory Pressure,Positive End-Expiratory Pressures,Positive Pressure Respiration,Positive Pressure Ventilation,Positive-Pressure Respirations,Positive-Pressure Ventilations,Pressure, Positive End-Expiratory,Pressures, Positive End-Expiratory,Respiration, Positive-Pressure,Respirations, Positive-Pressure,Ventilation, Positive-Pressure,Ventilations, Positive-Pressure
D002302	Cardiac Output	The volume of BLOOD passing through the HEART per unit of time. It is usually expressed as liters (volume) per minute so as not to be confused with STROKE VOLUME (volume per beat).	Cardiac Outputs,Output, Cardiac,Outputs, Cardiac
D002304	Cardiac Pacing, Artificial	Regulation of the rate of contraction of the heart muscles by an artificial pacemaker.	Pacing, Cardiac, Artificial,Artificial Cardiac Pacing,Artificial Cardiac Pacings,Cardiac Pacings, Artificial,Pacing, Artificial Cardiac,Pacings, Artificial Cardiac
D005260	Female		Females
D006333	Heart Failure	A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	Cardiac Failure,Heart Decompensation,Congestive Heart Failure,Heart Failure, Congestive,Heart Failure, Left-Sided,Heart Failure, Right-Sided,Left-Sided Heart Failure,Myocardial Failure,Right-Sided Heart Failure,Decompensation, Heart,Heart Failure, Left Sided,Heart Failure, Right Sided,Left Sided Heart Failure,Right Sided Heart Failure
D006439	Hemodynamics	The movement and the forces involved in the movement of the blood through the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.	Hemodynamic
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D013552	Swine	Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).	Phacochoerus,Pigs,Suidae,Warthogs,Wart Hogs,Hog, Wart,Hogs, Wart,Wart Hog
D016277	Ventricular Function, Left	The hemodynamic and electrophysiological action of the left HEART VENTRICLE. Its measurement is an important aspect of the clinical evaluation of patients with heart disease to determine the effects of the disease on cardiac performance.	Left Ventricular Function,Function, Left Ventricular,Functions, Left Ventricular,Left Ventricular Functions,Ventricular Functions, Left
D017725	Ventricular Pressure	The pressure within a CARDIAC VENTRICLE. Ventricular pressure waveforms can be measured in the beating heart by catheterization or estimated using imaging techniques (e.g., DOPPLER ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY). The information is useful in evaluating the function of the MYOCARDIUM; CARDIAC VALVES; and PERICARDIUM, particularly with simultaneous measurement of other (e.g., aortic or atrial) pressures.	Intraventricular Pressure,Intraventricular Pressures,Pressure, Intraventricular,Pressure, Ventricular,Pressures, Intraventricular,Pressures, Ventricular,Ventricular Pressures