Biomaterial Database

Calcium, magnesium and phosphorus in the nutrition of the newborn. 1995

P S Venkataraman, and R T Tsang

Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City 73190, USA.

Several factors have been suggested to contribute to inadequate bone mineralization in infants. Calcium and phosphorus intakes in preterm infants are below the intrauterine accretion rates. Calcium retention is influenced by the types of calcium salts used and by alterations in dietary phosphorus, fat and carbohydrates. Dietary intakes of vitamin D, and modifications in the protein base of infant formula, e.g., soy base vs cow milk base, may impact bone mineralization. The major hormonal mechanisms involved in the regulation of bone mineralization are parathyroid hormone, calcitonin and vitamin D. From recent animal studies, it has been suggested that parathyroid hormone related peptide (PTH-rp) may also play a role in perinatal calcium homeostasis.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007225	Infant Food	Food processed and manufactured for the nutritional health of children in their first year of life.	Food, Infant,Foods, Infant,Infant Foods
D007227	Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena	Nutritional physiology of children from birth to 2 years of age.	Infant Nutrition Physiology,Nutrition Physiology, Infant,Complementary Feeding,Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomenon,Infant Nutritional Physiology,Supplementary Feeding,Complementary Feedings,Feeding, Complementary,Feeding, Supplementary,Feedings, Complementary,Feedings, Supplementary,Nutritional Physiology, Infant,Physiology, Infant Nutrition,Physiology, Infant Nutritional,Supplementary Feedings
D007231	Infant, Newborn	An infant during the first 28 days after birth.	Neonate,Newborns,Infants, Newborn,Neonates,Newborn,Newborn Infant,Newborn Infants
D007234	Infant, Premature	A human infant born before 37 weeks of GESTATION.	Neonatal Prematurity,Premature Infants,Preterm Infants,Infant, Preterm,Infants, Premature,Infants, Preterm,Premature Infant,Prematurity, Neonatal,Preterm Infant
D008274	Magnesium	A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and atomic weight 24.31. It is important for the activity of many enzymes, especially those involved in OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION.
D009751	Nutritional Requirements	The amounts of various substances in food needed by an organism to sustain healthy life.	Dietary Requirements,Nutrition Requirements,Dietary Requirement,Nutrition Requirement,Nutritional Requirement,Requirement, Dietary,Requirement, Nutrition,Requirement, Nutritional,Requirements, Dietary,Requirements, Nutrition,Requirements, Nutritional
D010281	Parathyroid Hormone	A polypeptide hormone (84 amino acid residues) secreted by the PARATHYROID GLANDS which performs the essential role of maintaining intracellular CALCIUM levels in the body. Parathyroid hormone increases intracellular calcium by promoting the release of CALCIUM from BONE, increases the intestinal absorption of calcium, increases the renal tubular reabsorption of calcium, and increases the renal excretion of phosphates.	Natpara,PTH (1-84),PTH(1-34),Parathormone,Parathyrin,Parathyroid Hormone (1-34),Parathyroid Hormone (1-84),Parathyroid Hormone Peptide (1-34),Hormone, Parathyroid
D002113	Calcification, Physiologic	Process by which organic tissue becomes hardened by the physiologic deposit of calcium salts.	Bone Mineralization,Calcification, Physiological,Physiologic Calcification,Mineralization, Bone,Physiological Calcification
D002136	Calcium, Dietary	Calcium compounds in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS or in food that supply the body with calcium.	Dietary Calcium
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man