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Advantages and limits of in vivo screening tests. 1995

E E McConnell

Several methods have been proposed to ascertain the potential toxicity of man-made vitreous fibres (MMVF) in animals. The most frequently used in vivo methods include inhalation (IH) (whole body and nose-only), intratracheal (IT) instillation, intrapleural injection-implantation and intraperitoneal (IP) injection. This report compares reports of studies using these methods in terms of their: (1) relevance to humans; (2) standardization of technique; (3) validation of method; (4) need for fibre preparation; (5) estimation of maximum tolerated dose; (6) determination of 'overload'; (7) exposure regimen; (8) pathology requirements; (9) quality control procedures; (10) extent and type of peer review; and (11) value of data for risk assessment. The results of this investigation showed that the inhalation method was clearly superior to the other exposure methods in all respects, although it is the most expensive. The intratracheal instillation method was considered a second choice, while injection-implantation methods were fraught with scientific and practical problems and the data derived from studies using these techniques were considered of value only for the study of specific mechanistic issues.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D011786 Quality Control A system for verifying and maintaining a desired level of quality in a product or process by careful planning, use of proper equipment, continued inspection, and corrective action as required. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed) Control, Quality,Controls, Quality,Quality Controls
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D015197 Carcinogenicity Tests Tests to experimentally measure the tumor-producing/cancer cell-producing potency of an agent by administering the agent (e.g., benzanthracenes) and observing the quantity of tumors or the cell transformation developed over a given period of time. The carcinogenicity value is usually measured as milligrams of agent administered per tumor developed. Though this test differs from the DNA-repair and bacterial microsome MUTAGENICITY TESTS, researchers often attempt to correlate the finding of carcinogenicity values and mutagenicity values. Tumorigenicity Tests,Carcinogen Tests,Carcinogenesis Tests,Carcinogenic Activity Tests,Carcinogenic Potency Tests,Carcinogen Test,Carcinogenesis Test,Carcinogenic Activity Test,Carcinogenic Potency Test,Carcinogenicity Test,Potency Test, Carcinogenic,Potency Tests, Carcinogenic,Test, Carcinogen,Test, Carcinogenesis,Test, Carcinogenic Activity,Test, Carcinogenic Potency,Test, Carcinogenicity,Test, Tumorigenicity,Tests, Carcinogen,Tests, Carcinogenesis,Tests, Carcinogenic Activity,Tests, Carcinogenic Potency,Tests, Carcinogenicity,Tests, Tumorigenicity,Tumorigenicity Test
D018570 Risk Assessment The qualitative or quantitative estimation of the likelihood of adverse effects that may result from exposure to specified health hazards or from the absence of beneficial influences. (Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1988) Assessment, Risk,Benefit-Risk Assessment,Risk Analysis,Risk-Benefit Assessment,Health Risk Assessment,Risks and Benefits,Analysis, Risk,Assessment, Benefit-Risk,Assessment, Health Risk,Assessment, Risk-Benefit,Benefit Risk Assessment,Benefit-Risk Assessments,Benefits and Risks,Health Risk Assessments,Risk Analyses,Risk Assessment, Health,Risk Assessments,Risk Benefit Assessment,Risk-Benefit Assessments
D019016 Mineral Fibers Long, pliable, cohesive natural or manufactured filaments of various lengths. They form the structure of some minerals. The medical significance lies in their potential ability to cause various types of PNEUMOCONIOSIS (e.g., ASBESTOSIS) after occupational or environmental exposure. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p708) Mineral Fiber,Synthetic Vitreous Fibers,Fiber, Mineral,Fibers, Mineral,Fibers, Synthetic Vitreous,Vitreous Fibers, Synthetic

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