Biomaterial Database

Spontaneous recovery or evoked reversal of neuromuscular block. 1995

R K Mirakhur

Department of Anaesthetics, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK.

Recovery from the effects of muscle relaxants can occur either spontaneously by their metabolism in the body or by elimination via the normal excretion pathways, or by the administration of pharmacologic antagonists. The decision as to whether spontaneous recovery should be allowed to take place or pharmacologic reversal should be induced depends upon several factors, principal among them being the duration of action of the muscle relaxant used, its dose, and the time that is available. The recovery times of most relaxants, including atracurium and vecuronium, are such as to require antagonism if adequate recovery is to be attained quickly. An agent such as mivacurium may, however, allow complete spontaneous recovery to take place without the use of antagonists.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007546	Isoquinolines	A group of compounds with the heterocyclic ring structure of benzo(c)pyridine. The ring structure is characteristic of the group of opium alkaloids such as papaverine. (From Stedman, 25th ed)
D009388	Neostigmine	A cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike PHYSOSTIGMINE, does not cross the blood-brain barrier.	Synstigmin,Neostigmine Bromide,Neostigmine Methylsulfate,Polstigmine,Proserine,Prostigmin,Prostigmine,Prozerin,Syntostigmine,Bromide, Neostigmine,Methylsulfate, Neostigmine
D009469	Neuromuscular Junction	The synapse between a neuron and a muscle.	Myoneural Junction,Nerve-Muscle Preparation,Junction, Myoneural,Junction, Neuromuscular,Junctions, Myoneural,Junctions, Neuromuscular,Myoneural Junctions,Nerve Muscle Preparation,Nerve-Muscle Preparations,Neuromuscular Junctions,Preparation, Nerve-Muscle,Preparations, Nerve-Muscle
D011729	Pyridostigmine Bromide	A cholinesterase inhibitor with a slightly longer duration of action than NEOSTIGMINE. It is used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the actions of muscle relaxants.	Mestinon,Pyridostigmine,Bromide, Pyridostigmine
D002800	Cholinesterase Inhibitors	Drugs that inhibit cholinesterases. The neurotransmitter ACETYLCHOLINE is rapidly hydrolyzed, and thereby inactivated, by cholinesterases. When cholinesterases are inhibited, the action of endogenously released acetylcholine at cholinergic synapses is potentiated. Cholinesterase inhibitors are widely used clinically for their potentiation of cholinergic inputs to the gastrointestinal tract and urinary bladder, the eye, and skeletal muscles; they are also used for their effects on the heart and the central nervous system.	Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor,Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors,Anti-Cholinesterase,Anticholinesterase,Anticholinesterase Agent,Anticholinesterase Agents,Anticholinesterase Drug,Cholinesterase Inhibitor,Anti-Cholinesterases,Anticholinesterase Drugs,Anticholinesterases,Cholinesterase Inhibitors, Irreversible,Cholinesterase Inhibitors, Reversible,Agent, Anticholinesterase,Agents, Anticholinesterase,Anti Cholinesterase,Anti Cholinesterases,Drug, Anticholinesterase,Drugs, Anticholinesterase,Inhibitor, Acetylcholinesterase,Inhibitor, Cholinesterase,Inhibitors, Acetylcholinesterase,Inhibitors, Cholinesterase,Inhibitors, Irreversible Cholinesterase,Inhibitors, Reversible Cholinesterase,Irreversible Cholinesterase Inhibitors,Reversible Cholinesterase Inhibitors
D003473	Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents	Drugs that interrupt transmission at the skeletal neuromuscular junction without causing depolarization of the motor end plate. They prevent acetylcholine from triggering muscle contraction and are used as muscle relaxants during electroshock treatments, in convulsive states, and as anesthesia adjuvants.	Curare-Like Agents,Curariform Drugs,Muscle Relaxants, Non-Depolarizing,Neuromuscular Blocking Agents, Competitive,Nondepolarizing Blockers,Agents, Curare-Like,Agents, Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing,Blockers, Nondepolarizing,Curare Like Agents,Drugs, Curariform,Muscle Relaxants, Non Depolarizing,Non-Depolarizing Muscle Relaxants,Nondepolarizing Agents, Neuromuscular
D004491	Edrophonium	A rapid-onset, short-acting cholinesterase inhibitor used in cardiac arrhythmias and in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. It has also been used as an antidote to curare principles.	Edrophonium Chloride,Edrophonium Bromide,Edroponium,Tensilon,Bromide, Edrophonium,Chloride, Edrophonium
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000077590	Mivacurium	An isoquinoline derivative that is used as a short-acting non-depolarizing agent.	BW B1090U,BW-B 1090U,BW-B-1090U,BW-B1090U,Mivacron,Mivacurium Chloride,BW B 1090U,BWB 1090U,BWB1090U
D000762	Anesthesia Recovery Period	The period of emergence from general anesthesia, where different elements of consciousness return at different rates.	Recovery Period, Anesthesia,Anesthesia Recovery Periods,Period, Anesthesia Recovery,Periods, Anesthesia Recovery,Recovery Periods, Anesthesia