After the discovery of X-rays by Roentgen exactly 100 years ago, neurosurgeons and neurologists have been promoting an imaging diagnosis of the central nervous system around the turn of the century with methods like pneumencephalography and angiography. With the induction of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the last two decades, seemingly simple examination methods became available which led to a temporary separation of neuroradiology from its parent fields. Further development of MRI with methods that allow to measure brain perfusion and to visualize brain function has led this diagnostic modality back to its origin, neurology: adequate evaluation of such multimodality imaging is only possible in the context of all neurosciences. On the other hand, interventional neuroradiology with endovascular procedures in the brain has evolved to an operative field that is only feasible in close cooperation with neurosurgery. This also applies to MRI, where the 'open magnets' require close cooperation between neuroradiologist and neurosurgeon to perform image guided procedures online.