A model of Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 1995

A Glukhovsky, and G Amitzur, and D Adam, and S Sideman
Julius Silver Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-IIT, Haifa, Israel.

Various functions in the myocyte depend on Ca2+ transport, yet the control of these processes is still obscure. In order to better understand the intracellular Ca2+ processes, a model of Ca2+ release from the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is suggested, in which the release of Ca2+ from the SR is mainly regulated by the kinetics of Ca2+ channels within the SR membrane. These kinetics are controlled by changes in the concentration of free Ca2+ near the openings of Ca2+ channels, and are affected by Ca2+ competitors, e.g., ryanodine. The control mechanism is based on a combination of positive and negative control loops, associated with two respective types of Ca2+ binding sites located on the SR membrane: 1) activating sites with low affinity to Ca2+ and high binding rate, and 2) inactivating sites with high affinity but low binding rate. The model also assumes that the activation of the Ca2+ channels depends on the preceding stimulation pattern (short term memory), an additional activation mechanism which is Ca2+ independent. This report describes the cytoplasmatic Ca2+ concentration in response to Ca2+ release from the SR, including the dependence on the beat intervals, either in the steady state or during response to premature and delayed beats. The analysis of ryanodine intervention supports a control mechanism based on two feedback loops, and available interval-dependent data favors inclusion of the short-term memory mechanism in the proposed model.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008962 Models, Theoretical Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of systems, processes, or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment. Experimental Model,Experimental Models,Mathematical Model,Model, Experimental,Models (Theoretical),Models, Experimental,Models, Theoretic,Theoretical Study,Mathematical Models,Model (Theoretical),Model, Mathematical,Model, Theoretical,Models, Mathematical,Studies, Theoretical,Study, Theoretical,Theoretical Model,Theoretical Models,Theoretical Studies
D009206 Myocardium The muscle tissue of the HEART. It is composed of striated, involuntary muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC) connected to form the contractile pump to generate blood flow. Muscle, Cardiac,Muscle, Heart,Cardiac Muscle,Myocardia,Cardiac Muscles,Heart Muscle,Heart Muscles,Muscles, Cardiac,Muscles, Heart
D002118 Calcium A basic element found in nearly all tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes. Coagulation Factor IV,Factor IV,Blood Coagulation Factor IV,Calcium-40,Calcium 40,Factor IV, Coagulation
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D012519 Sarcoplasmic Reticulum A network of tubules and sacs in the cytoplasm of SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS that assist with muscle contraction and relaxation by releasing and storing calcium ions. Reticulum, Sarcoplasmic,Reticulums, Sarcoplasmic,Sarcoplasmic Reticulums
D015220 Calcium Channels Voltage-dependent cell membrane glycoproteins selectively permeable to calcium ions. They are categorized as L-, T-, N-, P-, Q-, and R-types based on the activation and inactivation kinetics, ion specificity, and sensitivity to drugs and toxins. The L- and T-types are present throughout the cardiovascular and central nervous systems and the N-, P-, Q-, & R-types are located in neuronal tissue. Ion Channels, Calcium,Receptors, Calcium Channel Blocker,Voltage-Dependent Calcium Channel,Calcium Channel,Calcium Channel Antagonist Receptor,Calcium Channel Antagonist Receptors,Calcium Channel Blocker Receptor,Calcium Channel Blocker Receptors,Ion Channel, Calcium,Receptors, Calcium Channel Antagonist,VDCC,Voltage-Dependent Calcium Channels,Calcium Channel, Voltage-Dependent,Calcium Channels, Voltage-Dependent,Calcium Ion Channel,Calcium Ion Channels,Channel, Voltage-Dependent Calcium,Channels, Voltage-Dependent Calcium,Voltage Dependent Calcium Channel,Voltage Dependent Calcium Channels

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