Biomaterial Database

[Cerebral hypoxic and ischemic damage in newborn infants: cellular mechanisms and role of excitatory amino acids]. 1995

A Cortey

Service de médecine et réanimation néonatales, maternité régionale universitaire, Nancy, France.

Brain damage from hypoxia-ischemia plays a major role in neonatal mortality and morbidity. Different lesional mechanisms have been proposed. The most recent hypothesis involves the excitatory amino acids, especially glutamate. In this review, arguments in favour of a glutamate involvement in the lesional process are presented, with particular attention to the consequences of glutamate fixation on post synaptic receptors, especially N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Alterations of the intracellular concentration of calcium may also play a role in the pathogenesis of hypoxic-ischemic lesions. A better understanding of the metabolic processes could lead to new therapeutic possibilities.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007231	Infant, Newborn	An infant during the first 28 days after birth.	Neonate,Newborns,Infants, Newborn,Neonates,Newborn,Newborn Infant,Newborn Infants
D009435	Synaptic Transmission	The communication from a NEURON to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a SYNAPSE. In chemical synaptic transmission, the presynaptic neuron releases a NEUROTRANSMITTER that diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to specific synaptic receptors, activating them. The activated receptors modulate specific ion channels and/or second-messenger systems in the postsynaptic cell. In electrical synaptic transmission, electrical signals are communicated as an ionic current flow across ELECTRICAL SYNAPSES.	Neural Transmission,Neurotransmission,Transmission, Neural,Transmission, Synaptic
D002118	Calcium	A basic element found in nearly all tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.	Coagulation Factor IV,Factor IV,Blood Coagulation Factor IV,Calcium-40,Calcium 40,Factor IV, Coagulation
D002534	Hypoxia, Brain	A reduction in brain oxygen supply due to ANOXEMIA (a reduced amount of oxygen being carried in the blood by HEMOGLOBIN), or to a restriction of the blood supply to the brain, or both. Severe hypoxia is referred to as anoxia and is a relatively common cause of injury to the central nervous system. Prolonged brain anoxia may lead to BRAIN DEATH or a PERSISTENT VEGETATIVE STATE. Histologically, this condition is characterized by neuronal loss which is most prominent in the HIPPOCAMPUS; GLOBUS PALLIDUS; CEREBELLUM; and inferior olives.	Anoxia, Brain,Anoxic Encephalopathy,Brain Hypoxia,Cerebral Anoxia,Encephalopathy, Hypoxic,Hypoxic Encephalopathy,Anoxia, Cerebral,Anoxic Brain Damage,Brain Anoxia,Cerebral Hypoxia,Hypoxia, Cerebral,Hypoxic Brain Damage,Anoxic Encephalopathies,Brain Damage, Anoxic,Brain Damage, Hypoxic,Damage, Anoxic Brain,Damage, Hypoxic Brain,Encephalopathies, Anoxic,Encephalopathies, Hypoxic,Encephalopathy, Anoxic,Hypoxic Encephalopathies
D002545	Brain Ischemia	Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.	Cerebral Ischemia,Ischemic Encephalopathy,Encephalopathy, Ischemic,Ischemia, Cerebral,Brain Ischemias,Cerebral Ischemias,Ischemia, Brain,Ischemias, Cerebral,Ischemic Encephalopathies
D005971	Glutamates	Derivatives of GLUTAMIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the 2-aminopentanedioic acid structure.	Glutamic Acid Derivatives,Glutamic Acids,Glutaminic Acids
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D017470	Receptors, Glutamate	Cell-surface proteins that bind glutamate and trigger changes which influence the behavior of cells. Glutamate receptors include ionotropic receptors (AMPA, kainate, and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors), which directly control ion channels, and metabotropic receptors which act through second messenger systems. Glutamate receptors are the most common mediators of fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. They have also been implicated in the mechanisms of memory and of many diseases.	Excitatory Amino Acid Receptors,Glutamate Receptors,Receptors, Excitatory Amino Acid,Excitatory Amino Acid Receptor,Glutamate Receptor,Receptor, Glutamate
D018846	Excitatory Amino Acids	Endogenous amino acids released by neurons as excitatory neurotransmitters. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Aspartic acid has been regarded as an excitatory transmitter for many years, but the extent of its role as a transmitter is unclear.	Amino Acids, Excitatory,Excitatory Amino Acid,Acid, Excitatory Amino,Acids, Excitatory Amino,Amino Acid, Excitatory