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A structured treatment and education program for patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) who are not taking insulin was developed, evaluated, and implemented at the primary health care level throughout Germany. The program is based on the definition of individual and pragmatic therapeutic goals for each patient, primarily using nondrug treatment, which includes systematic glycosuria self-monitoring by the patients and four structured sessions of group education held in a general practitioner's office. After documentation of the program's efficacy in a randomized, controlled trial and several pilot projects, the program has been officially incorporated into the general German health care scheme and includes payment to practicing physicians for each patient treated. More than 12,500 primary health care physicians have participated in special 2-day postgraduate courses given by diabetologists; these courses are a precondition to participating in the program. As part of the primary health care scheme, the NIDDM program will be continuously monitored for quality control and efficiency. Currently, similar structured treatment and education programs targeted to primary health care physicians are being introduced for both insulin-treated NIDDM and arterial hypertension.
M Berger, and
V Jörgens, and
G Flatten
January 1996,
Annals of internal medicine,
M Berger, and
V Jörgens, and
G Flatten
March 1997,
Southern medical journal,
M Berger, and
V Jörgens, and
G Flatten
August 1986,
Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde,
M Berger, and
V Jörgens, and
G Flatten
January 2002,
Special care in dentistry : official publication of the American Association of Hospital Dentists, the Academy of Dentistry for the Handicapped, and the American Society for Geriatric Dentistry,
M Berger, and
V Jörgens, and
G Flatten
January 1996,
Special care in dentistry : official publication of the American Association of Hospital Dentists, the Academy of Dentistry for the Handicapped, and the American Society for Geriatric Dentistry,
M Berger, and
V Jörgens, and
G Flatten
February 2005,
The Israel Medical Association journal : IMAJ,
M Berger, and
V Jörgens, and
G Flatten
January 1997,
British medical bulletin,
M Berger, and
V Jörgens, and
G Flatten
January 1994,
Current therapy in endocrinology and metabolism,
M Berger, and
V Jörgens, and
G Flatten
July 1997,
Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners,
M Berger, and
V Jörgens, and
G Flatten
January 1997,
Current therapy in endocrinology and metabolism,
