Biomaterial Database

Current trends in temporomandibular joint imaging. 1995

T A Larheim

Department of Oral Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Norway.

Diagnostic imaging of the temporomandibular joint has undergone a revolutionary development during the last two decades. With advanced modalities we have been able to differentiate between different articular entities in patients with temporomandibular joint disorders. The purpose of this article is to review and discuss these modalities and their contribution to our present knowledge, with emphasis made on current trends in diagnostic temporomandibular joint imaging. The main section deals with diagnostic imaging of the subgroup of disorders with internal derangement caused by disk displacement including posttreatment imaging. Imaging of pathologic entities characterized by chronic inflammation such as rheumatoid arthritis are discussed in the second section. Finally, the potential of diagnostic imaging of infrequent conditions such as tumors is briefly reviewed. Magnetic resonance imaging has surpassed arthrography and computed tomography for the evaluation of most patients in these three subgroups. In patients who have various forms of disk displacements with or without accompanying bone abnormalities, a diagnostic accuracy of at least 90% may be achieved by oblique sagittal and coronal magnetic resonance imaging. In addition, alterations in the condylar marrow may be detected. T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging can make a significant diagnostic contribution by demonstrating inflammatory reactions such as joint effusion and marrow edema. In the subgroup of patients with chronic inflammatory diseases, magnetic resonance imaging may also demonstrate abnormalities not shown with other imaging modalities. Disk deformation, fragmentation, and destruction may indirectly suggest the presence of synovial proliferation/pannus formation, which in selected cases may be directly depicted with intravenous gadopentetate dimeglumine. For more detailed evaluation of the bone condition and of soft tissue calcifications in joints with inflammatory diseases, tumors, or other disorders, computed tomography is the preferable imaging modality.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008279	Magnetic Resonance Imaging	Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.	Chemical Shift Imaging,MR Tomography,MRI Scans,MRI, Functional,Magnetic Resonance Image,Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Functional,Magnetization Transfer Contrast Imaging,NMR Imaging,NMR Tomography,Tomography, NMR,Tomography, Proton Spin,fMRI,Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Imaging, Chemical Shift,Proton Spin Tomography,Spin Echo Imaging,Steady-State Free Precession MRI,Tomography, MR,Zeugmatography,Chemical Shift Imagings,Echo Imaging, Spin,Echo Imagings, Spin,Functional MRI,Functional MRIs,Image, Magnetic Resonance,Imaging, Magnetic Resonance,Imaging, NMR,Imaging, Spin Echo,Imagings, Chemical Shift,Imagings, Spin Echo,MRI Scan,MRIs, Functional,Magnetic Resonance Images,Resonance Image, Magnetic,Scan, MRI,Scans, MRI,Shift Imaging, Chemical,Shift Imagings, Chemical,Spin Echo Imagings,Steady State Free Precession MRI
D008335	Mandibular Condyle	The posterior process on the ramus of the mandible composed of two parts: a superior part, the articular portion, and an inferior part, the condylar neck.	Condyle, Mandibular,Condyles, Mandibular,Mandibular Condyles
D010003	Osteoarthritis	A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.	Arthritis, Degenerative,Osteoarthrosis,Osteoarthrosis Deformans,Arthroses,Arthrosis,Arthritides, Degenerative,Degenerative Arthritides,Degenerative Arthritis,Osteoarthritides,Osteoarthroses
D011182	Postoperative Care	The period of care beginning when the patient is removed from surgery and aimed at meeting the patient's psychological and physical needs directly after surgery. (From Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)	Care, Postoperative,Postoperative Procedures,Procedures, Postoperative,Postoperative Procedure,Procedure, Postoperative
D002358	Cartilage, Articular	A protective layer of firm, flexible cartilage over the articulating ends of bones. It provides a smooth surface for joint movement, protecting the ends of long bones from wear at points of contact.	Articular Cartilage,Articular Cartilages,Cartilages, Articular
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D001172	Arthritis, Rheumatoid	A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.	Rheumatoid Arthritis
D001175	Arthrography	Roentgenography of a joint, usually after injection of either positive or negative contrast medium.	Arthrographies
D013583	Synovial Membrane	The inner membrane of a joint capsule surrounding a freely movable joint. It is loosely attached to the external fibrous capsule and secretes SYNOVIAL FLUID.	Synovium,Membrana Synovialis Capsulae Articularis,Membrane, Synovial,Membranes, Synovial,Synovial Membranes
D013704	Temporomandibular Joint	An articulation between the condyle of the mandible and the articular tubercle of the temporal bone.	TMJ,Joint, Temporomandibular,Joints, Temporomandibular,Temporomandibular Joints