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The polymerase chain reaction was applied to capillary blood spots dried on filter paper from 20 parasitologically proved cases of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), 21 subclinical cases, and 11 healthy controls in a longitudinal study of anthroponotic VL in Baringo District, Kenya. Leishmania deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was detected 10.5 months before diagnosis and up to 3 years after diagnosis and apparently successful treatment. Subclinical cases can have detectable circulating parasite DNA in their blood. These findings may indicate that subclinical cases can be a reservoir and formerly treated VL patients can remain a reservoir for a long time. Xenodiagnosis should be performed on subclinical cases and former VL patients to establish their role in transmission of VL in Kenya.
K U Schaefer, and
G J Schoone, and
G S Gachihi, and
A S Muller, and
P A Kager, and
S E Meredith
January 1995,
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene,
K U Schaefer, and
G J Schoone, and
G S Gachihi, and
A S Muller, and
P A Kager, and
S E Meredith
February 2006,
The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene,
K U Schaefer, and
G J Schoone, and
G S Gachihi, and
A S Muller, and
P A Kager, and
S E Meredith
January 1995,
Tropical and geographical medicine,
K U Schaefer, and
G J Schoone, and
G S Gachihi, and
A S Muller, and
P A Kager, and
S E Meredith
December 1994,
Annals of tropical medicine and parasitology,
K U Schaefer, and
G J Schoone, and
G S Gachihi, and
A S Muller, and
P A Kager, and
S E Meredith
January 1996,
East African medical journal,
K U Schaefer, and
G J Schoone, and
G S Gachihi, and
A S Muller, and
P A Kager, and
S E Meredith
January 1987,
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene,
K U Schaefer, and
G J Schoone, and
G S Gachihi, and
A S Muller, and
P A Kager, and
S E Meredith
February 1983,
East African medical journal,
K U Schaefer, and
G J Schoone, and
G S Gachihi, and
A S Muller, and
P A Kager, and
S E Meredith
January 2011,
Meditsinskaia parazitologiia i parazitarnye bolezni,
K U Schaefer, and
G J Schoone, and
G S Gachihi, and
A S Muller, and
P A Kager, and
S E Meredith
January 1994,
Tropical and geographical medicine,
K U Schaefer, and
G J Schoone, and
G S Gachihi, and
A S Muller, and
P A Kager, and
S E Meredith
September 1994,
East African medical journal,
