The prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) and peripheral artery disease (PAD) was studied in 280 (203 males, 77 females) patients with different types of primary hyperlipoproteinemia. In primary hyperbetalipoproteinemia the prevalence of CAD (45% for Type IIa and 47% for Type IIb) is significatly higher than that in the other types of hyperlipoproteinemia (38% for Type IV and 17% for Type V). On the other hand, PAD prevalence is much higher in hypertriglyceridemia (21% in Type IIb and 20% in Type V) than in hypercholesterolemia alone (9% in Type IIa). These results suggest ths atherosclerotic complications are concerned. Moreover, the high frequency of PAD found in hypertriglyceridemia can be related to the high occurrence of diabetes in these patients. The effects of other major risk factors of atherosclerosis (smoking and hypertension) were also evaluated. Our results indicate that the association of hypercholestolemia and hypertension is more dangerous than the co-occurence of hypercholesterolemia and smoking.