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Alveolar destruction in guinea pigs chronically exposed to diesel engine exhaust. A light- and electron-microscopic morphometry study. 1996

A Nagai, and Y Kakuta, and Y Ozawa, and H Uno, and S Yasui, and K Konno, and A Kata, and J Kagawa
First Department of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical College, Japan.

Guinea pigs were exposed 16 h a day, 6 d a week, for 6, 12, 18, or 24 mo to filtered air or diesel-exhaust at low (NO2 = 0.22 +/- 0.03 ppm; SO2 = 0.60 +/- 0.19 ppm; particles = 0.21 +/- 0.07 mg/m3), medium (NO2 = 1.07 +/- 0.09; SO2 = 2.83 +/- 0.73; particles = 1.14 +/- 0.26) or high (NO2 = 2.88 +/- 0.29; SO2 = 6.49 +/- 1.75; particles = 2.94 +/- 0.69) concentrations, or at a medium concentration without particles (NO2 = 1.01 +/- 0.09; SO2 = 2.66 +/- 0.64; particles = 0.01 +/- 0.01). We quantitated the holes in the alveolar wall and alveolar size by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). After 12 mo of exposure, the ratio of the area of alveolar holes to that of the alveolar wall, and the number of holes per alveolus, rose as the concentration and duration of exposure increased. There were no differences in alveolar size between the study groups. Animals exposed to the medium concentration of diesel exhaust without particles showed less of an increase in the development of holes than animals exposed to the same concentration of diesel exhaust with particles. These findings suggest that diesel exhaust causes alveolar destruction (alveolar holes) without an enlargement in alveolar size in a concentration- and duration-dependent manner. Particulate matter in diesel exhaust may play some role in the development of these lesions.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D011650 Pulmonary Alveoli Small polyhedral outpouchings along the walls of the alveolar sacs, alveolar ducts and terminal bronchioles through the walls of which gas exchange between alveolar air and pulmonary capillary blood takes place. Alveoli, Pulmonary,Alveolus, Pulmonary,Pulmonary Alveolus
D006168 Guinea Pigs A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research. Cavia,Cavia porcellus,Guinea Pig,Pig, Guinea,Pigs, Guinea
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D001335 Vehicle Emissions Gases, fumes, vapors, and ODORANTS escaping from the cylinders of a gasoline or diesel internal-combustion engine. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed & Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed) Automobile Exhaust,Diesel Exhaust,Engine Exhaust,Vehicle Emission,Vehicular Emission,Traffic-Related Pollutants,Transportation Emissions,Vehicular Emissions,Emission, Vehicle,Emission, Vehicular,Emissions, Transportation,Emissions, Vehicle,Emissions, Vehicular,Exhaust, Automobile,Exhaust, Diesel,Exhaust, Engine,Pollutants, Traffic-Related,Traffic Related Pollutants

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