Biomaterial Database

Metabotropic and ionotropic glutamate receptors mediate opposite effects on periaqueductal gray matter. 1995

J Leyva, and S Maione, and M Pallotta, and L Berrino, and F Rossi

Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, 2nd University of Naples, Italy.

Microinjections, into the dorso-lateral periaqueductal gray matter, of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA, 0.07-7 nmol/rat) significantly (P < 0.01) increased arterial blood pressure in a dose-related manner. Pretreatment, 5 min before NMDA (7 nmol/rat), in the same area with 2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (2-APV, 5 nmol/rat), a selective antagonist of NMDA receptors, significantly (P < 0.01) reduced NMDA-induced arterial hypertension. trans-(+/-)-1-Amino-1,3-cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid (t-ACPD, 6-30 nmol/rat), an agonist of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlu receptors), significantly (P < 0.01) decreased arterial blood pressure when microinjected into the dorsal-lateral periaqueductal gray matter. Pretreatment, 5 min before t-ACPD (30 nmol/rat), in the same area with L-2-amino-3-phosphono-propionate (L-AP-3, 30 nmol/rat), a putative antagonist of the mGlu receptors, was not able to prevent t-ACPD-induced hypotension. Microinjections of L-AP-3 (30 nmol/rat) induced a hypotension similar to the one obtained with t-ACPD at the dose of 6 nmol/rat. From these data we can suggest that mGlu receptors act inversely to the NMDA receptors in the dorso-lateral periaqueductal gray area and that L-AP-3 is a partial agonist rather than an antagonist of mGlu receptors within the periaqueductal gray area.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008297	Male		Males
D008845	Microinjections	The injection of very small amounts of fluid, often with the aid of a microscope and microsyringes.	Microinjection
D009474	Neurons	The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.	Nerve Cells,Cell, Nerve,Cells, Nerve,Nerve Cell,Neuron
D010487	Periaqueductal Gray	Central gray matter surrounding the CEREBRAL AQUEDUCT in the MESENCEPHALON. Physiologically it is probably involved in RAGE reactions, the LORDOSIS REFLEX; FEEDING responses, bladder tonus, and pain.	Mesencephalic Central Gray,Midbrain Central Gray,Central Gray Substance of Midbrain,Central Periaqueductal Gray,Griseum Centrale,Griseum Centrale Mesencephali,Periaqueductal Gray Matter,Substantia Grisea Centralis,Substantia Grisea Centralis Mesencephali,Central Gray, Mesencephalic,Central Gray, Midbrain,Gray Matter, Periaqueductal,Gray, Central Periaqueductal,Griseum Centrale Mesencephalus,Periaqueductal Grays, Central
D001794	Blood Pressure	PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.	Systolic Pressure,Diastolic Pressure,Pulse Pressure,Pressure, Blood,Pressure, Diastolic,Pressure, Pulse,Pressure, Systolic,Pressures, Systolic
D003515	Cycloleucine	An amino acid formed by cyclization of leucine. It has cytostatic, immunosuppressive and antineoplastic activities.	1-Aminocyclopentanecarboxylic Acid,Aminocyclopentanecarboxylic Acid,NSC 1026,1 Aminocyclopentanecarboxylic Acid,Acid, 1-Aminocyclopentanecarboxylic,Acid, Aminocyclopentanecarboxylic
D004305	Dose-Response Relationship, Drug	The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.	Dose Response Relationship, Drug,Dose-Response Relationships, Drug,Drug Dose-Response Relationship,Drug Dose-Response Relationships,Relationship, Drug Dose-Response,Relationships, Drug Dose-Response
D000409	Alanine	A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.	Abufène,Alanine, L-Isomer,L-Alanine,Alanine, L Isomer,L Alanine,L-Isomer Alanine
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D015763	2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate	The D-enantiomer is a potent and specific antagonist of NMDA glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). The L form is inactive at NMDA receptors but may affect the AP4 (2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate; APB) excitatory amino acid receptors.	2-Amino-5-phosphonopentanoic Acid,2-Amino-5-phosphonovaleric Acid,2-APV,2-Amino-5-phosphonopentanoate,5-Phosphononorvaline,d-APV,dl-APV,2 Amino 5 phosphonopentanoate,2 Amino 5 phosphonopentanoic Acid,2 Amino 5 phosphonovalerate,2 Amino 5 phosphonovaleric Acid,5 Phosphononorvaline