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Effect of intragastric pH on the absorption of oral zinc acetate and zinc oxide in young healthy volunteers. 1995

L M Henderson, and G J Brewer, and J B Dressman, and S Z Swidan, and D J DuRoss, and C H Adair, and J L Barnett, and R R Berardi
Department of Human Genetics, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-1065, USA.

BACKGROUND Zinc is an important nutrient and is necessary to maintain a multitude of physiologic processes. Mineral supplements that provide physiologic doses of zinc may be used when dietary zinc is inadequate. Zinc is also used in pharmacologic doses to treat zinc deficiency and diseases such as Wilson's disease and acrodermatitis enteropathica. Although there are several zinc salts available, they are not equal in solubility, which is thought to be a key factor in zinc absorption. Moreover, the solubility of the salts is affected by pH, which may vary between pH 1 and 7 under various physiologic conditions in the stomach. The objectives of this 2-way 4-phase crossover study were to evaluate the effect of high (> or = 5) and low (< or = 3) intragastric pH on the absorption of zinc from the acetate and oxide salt in young healthy volunteers. METHODS After a 9-hour fast, 10 healthy subjects (5 males and 5 females) were given a single oral dose of 50 mg of elemental zinc as the acetate or the oxide salt and under either high or low intragastric pH conditions. In all phases, a Heidelberg capsule pH detector-transmitter was used to continuously monitor intragastric pH. During the high pH phases, single oral doses of famotidine 40 mg oral suspension were administered before the zinc to raise the intragastric pH above 5. Intragastric pH < or = 3 was maintained in the low pH phases. RESULTS The mean plasma zinc area under the curve for zinc acetate at low pH (AL), zinc acetate at high pH (AH), zinc oxide at low pH (OL), and zinc oxide at high pH (OH) were 524, 378, 364, and 66 micrograms x h/dL, respectively. The highest zinc plasma concentrations occurred with the acetate salt at a low intragastric pH, while the lowest plasma concentrations occurred with the oxide salt at a high intragastric pH. The importance of pH to the dissolution of these salts was verified by in vitro tests. Twenty-four-hour urinary zinc excretion was the highest for the AL phase and lowest for the OH phase. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that intragastric pH and salt solubility-dissolution are important in the oral absorption of zinc. Specifically, the oxide salt is not an appropriate zinc salt to use in those patients with elevated intragastric pH.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D002940 Circadian Rhythm The regular recurrence, in cycles of about 24 hours, of biological processes or activities, such as sensitivity to drugs or environmental and physiological stimuli. Diurnal Rhythm,Nyctohemeral Rhythm,Twenty-Four Hour Rhythm,Nycthemeral Rhythm,Circadian Rhythms,Diurnal Rhythms,Nycthemeral Rhythms,Nyctohemeral Rhythms,Rhythm, Circadian,Rhythm, Diurnal,Rhythm, Nycthemeral,Rhythm, Nyctohemeral,Rhythm, Twenty-Four Hour,Rhythms, Circadian,Rhythms, Diurnal,Rhythms, Nycthemeral,Rhythms, Nyctohemeral,Rhythms, Twenty-Four Hour,Twenty Four Hour Rhythm,Twenty-Four Hour Rhythms
D004305 Dose-Response Relationship, Drug The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug. Dose Response Relationship, Drug,Dose-Response Relationships, Drug,Drug Dose-Response Relationship,Drug Dose-Response Relationships,Relationship, Drug Dose-Response,Relationships, Drug Dose-Response
D005260 Female Females
D005753 Gastric Mucosa Lining of the STOMACH, consisting of an inner EPITHELIUM, a middle LAMINA PROPRIA, and an outer MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE. The surface cells produce MUCUS that protects the stomach from attack by digestive acid and enzymes. When the epithelium invaginates into the LAMINA PROPRIA at various region of the stomach (CARDIA; GASTRIC FUNDUS; and PYLORUS), different tubular gastric glands are formed. These glands consist of cells that secrete mucus, enzymes, HYDROCHLORIC ACID, or hormones. Cardiac Glands,Gastric Glands,Pyloric Glands,Cardiac Gland,Gastric Gland,Gastric Mucosas,Gland, Cardiac,Gland, Gastric,Gland, Pyloric,Glands, Cardiac,Glands, Gastric,Glands, Pyloric,Mucosa, Gastric,Mucosas, Gastric,Pyloric Gland
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D006863 Hydrogen-Ion Concentration The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH pH,Concentration, Hydrogen-Ion,Concentrations, Hydrogen-Ion,Hydrogen Ion Concentration,Hydrogen-Ion Concentrations
D000042 Absorption The physical or physiological processes by which substances, tissue, cells, etc. take up or take in other substances or energy.
D000085 Acetates Derivatives of ACETIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxymethane structure. Acetate,Acetic Acid Esters,Acetic Acids,Acids, Acetic,Esters, Acetic Acid
D000284 Administration, Oral The giving of drugs, chemicals, or other substances by mouth. Drug Administration, Oral,Administration, Oral Drug,Oral Administration,Oral Drug Administration,Administrations, Oral,Administrations, Oral Drug,Drug Administrations, Oral,Oral Administrations,Oral Drug Administrations

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