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The primary somatosensory area (S1) of rodents presents multicellular units called barrels which can be identified by different techniques (e.g., Nissl staining, cytochrome oxidase or succinate dehydrogenase histochemistry). We applied NADPH diaphorase histochemistry to tangential sections of rat neocortex to determine if the reactive neuropil also shows the same remarkable array observed with other techniques. We demonstrated NADPH diaphorase-positive barrels in all hemispheres tested. The barrels are recognized as patches where the neuropil is most reactive. Each barrel is separated from the other by a less labeled neuropil. Many NADPH diaphorase-positive neurons are seen along the section, but very few cells are found in the barrel field. In this region, most of the labeled neurons are localized in the less reactive region between the barrels, although a few NADPH diaphorase-positive cells can also be found inside the barrels.
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