A reliable method for high-resolution HLA-DRB1 typing using the combination of group-specific amplification and RFLP analysis is described. Group-specific PCR amplification (multiplex ARMS-PCR) was carried out under the same conditions for all groups using seven different primer pairs divided into four groups: (1) DR1 and DR10; (2) DR2, DR7 and DR9; (3) DR3 DR5, DR6 and DR8, and (4) DR4. The subsequent polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to determine the group(s) contained in each sample. DR1, DR2/7, DR3/5/6/8, DR4, DRB1*0901 and DRB1*1001 could be distinguished easily using this system. Computer analysis of the various restriction enzyme cleavage sites was carried out on 105 DRB1 allele sequences. It was shown that all DRB1 alleles, except for five allele pairs and some alleles possessing silent mutations, could be distinguished with commonly available restriction endonucleases. Computer analyses on the discrimination of the heterozygous and homozygous combinations were also carried out. Although some heterozygous combinations could no be distinguished with single digestion, double digestion using two restriction enzymes could distinguish most of such heterozygotes. The results of the typing of 100 Japanese individuals using this method showed good agreement with those obtained by other methods.