Clinical, functional, and radiographic results of 83 patients treated by anterior interbody lumbar fusion are presented. Seventy-two percent of patients previously had undergone 1 or more spine operations. In 54% of patients, the main indication for anterior fusion was failed back surgery. There were 52 women and 29 men. The mean age of patients at operation was 43.6 years (range, 21-60 years). The mean followup time was 5 years (range, 2-10 years). Solid fusion was achieved in 104 (81%) of 129 levels on 59 (71%) of 83 patients. The clinical results were estimated 3 ways: the patient's own opinion, the change of Oswestry disability index, and the score rating system of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association. Patient opinions of the benefit of the procedure were the following: 74% very much improved, 12% little improved, 10% no improvement, and 4% worse. The mean Oswestry index before operation was very high at 48.8 points (range, 22-82 points), reflecting the severity of dysfunction in these patients. The mean Oswestry index at the followup study was 30.5 points (range, 0-68 points). In the score rating system of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association, the final rating of 25 points or more (regarded as satisfactory) was achieved in 22 (26.5 %) patients. The decision regarding indications for the operation and the operation itself should be made by experienced surgeons.