Biomaterial Database

In vitro evaluation of the accuracy of several electronic apex locators. 1995

R J Czerw, and M S Fulkerson, and J C Donnelly, and J O Walmann

U.S. Army Dental Activity, Texas 76544, USA.

This study describes two tests of the in vitro accuracy of several models of electronic canal length measuring devices (ECLMDs) using a gelatin test model and extracted human teeth with fully formed apices. In part 1, four previously untested ECLMDs were used in dry canals after access and pulpectomy. File lengths with wth file tip just visible at the foramen were compared to ECLMD lengths. Clinically significant ECLMD measurements of > or + 0.5 mm than visual length were noted with two ECLMDs 16.6% and 10% of the time. The other two ECLMDs had no measurements >0.5 mm than the visual measurement. The gelatin test model proved highly accurate with 4 of 6 ECLMDs tested thus far. Part 2 compared the accuracy of a previously tested ECLMD using the gelatin model when taking length measurements with canals both dry and wet with distilled water in them. There was no difference between measurements in wet or dry canals. Irrigation with distilled water may be a clinical aid when using resistance ECLMDs.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007180	Incisor	Any of the eight frontal teeth (four maxillary and four mandibular) having a sharp incisal edge for cutting food and a single root, which occurs in man both as a deciduous and a permanent tooth. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p820)	Incisors
D009811	Odontometry	Measurement of tooth characteristics.
D011897	Random Allocation	A process involving chance used in therapeutic trials or other research endeavor for allocating experimental subjects, human or animal, between treatment and control groups, or among treatment groups. It may also apply to experiments on inanimate objects.	Randomization,Allocation, Random
D012016	Reference Values	The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.	Normal Range,Normal Values,Reference Ranges,Normal Ranges,Normal Value,Range, Normal,Range, Reference,Ranges, Normal,Ranges, Reference,Reference Range,Reference Value,Value, Normal,Value, Reference,Values, Normal,Values, Reference
D003481	Cuspid	The third tooth to the left and to the right of the midline of either jaw, situated between the second INCISOR and the premolar teeth (BICUSPID). (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p817)	Canine Tooth,Canine Teeth,Cuspids,Teeth, Canine,Tooth, Canine
D003786	Dental Pulp Cavity	The space in a tooth bounded by the dentin and containing the dental pulp. The portion of the cavity within the crown of the tooth is the pulp chamber; the portion within the root is the pulp canal or root canal.	Pulp Canal,Pulp Chamber,Root Canal,Cavities, Dental Pulp,Cavity, Dental Pulp,Dental Pulp Cavities,Pulp Cavities, Dental,Pulp Cavity, Dental,Canal, Pulp,Canal, Root,Canals, Pulp,Canals, Root,Chamber, Pulp,Chambers, Pulp,Pulp Canals,Pulp Chambers,Root Canals
D005069	Evaluation Studies as Topic	Works about studies that determine the effectiveness or value of processes, personnel, and equipment, or the material on conducting such studies.	Critique,Evaluation Indexes,Evaluation Methodology,Evaluation Report,Evaluation Research,Methodology, Evaluation,Pre-Post Tests,Qualitative Evaluation,Quantitative Evaluation,Theoretical Effectiveness,Use-Effectiveness,Critiques,Effectiveness, Theoretical,Evaluation Methodologies,Evaluation Reports,Evaluation, Qualitative,Evaluation, Quantitative,Evaluations, Qualitative,Evaluations, Quantitative,Indexes, Evaluation,Methodologies, Evaluation,Pre Post Tests,Pre-Post Test,Qualitative Evaluations,Quantitative Evaluations,Report, Evaluation,Reports, Evaluation,Research, Evaluation,Test, Pre-Post,Tests, Pre-Post,Use Effectiveness
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D014092	Tooth Root	The part of a tooth from the neck to the apex, embedded in the alveolar process and covered with cementum. A root may be single or divided into several branches, usually identified by their relative position, e.g., lingual root or buccal root. Single-rooted teeth include mandibular first and second premolars and the maxillary second premolar teeth. The maxillary first premolar has two roots in most cases. Maxillary molars have three roots. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p690)	Root, Tooth,Roots, Tooth,Tooth Roots
D015203	Reproducibility of Results	The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.	Reliability and Validity,Reliability of Result,Reproducibility Of Result,Reproducibility of Finding,Validity of Result,Validity of Results,Face Validity,Reliability (Epidemiology),Reliability of Results,Reproducibility of Findings,Test-Retest Reliability,Validity (Epidemiology),Finding Reproducibilities,Finding Reproducibility,Of Result, Reproducibility,Of Results, Reproducibility,Reliabilities, Test-Retest,Reliability, Test-Retest,Result Reliabilities,Result Reliability,Result Validities,Result Validity,Result, Reproducibility Of,Results, Reproducibility Of,Test Retest Reliability,Validity and Reliability,Validity, Face