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Panoramic radiographs of 203 Caucasoid children between the ages of seven and ten years were examined for an evaluation of dental development. Four groups were studied: a control group in which neither parent had smoked during the pregnancy concerned, a group exposed to tobacco smoke from the mother only, a group exposed to smoke from the father only, and finally a group exposed to tobacco smoke from both parents. In each case, the dental age (determined according to the method of Moorrees) was contrasted to the chronological age of the subject. Overall results showed that there were no differences in dental ages related to gender. Maximum differences between chronological and dental ages were found in children subjected to cigarette smoke from both parents. Here, a 35% reduction in dental maturation was noted. Most affected teeth were the maxillary second premolars, while the central incisors were the least affected.
J A Kieser, and
H T Groeneveld, and
P da Silva
September 2011,
Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco,
J A Kieser, and
H T Groeneveld, and
P da Silva
January 2007,
Przeglad lekarski,
J A Kieser, and
H T Groeneveld, and
P da Silva
January 2010,
International journal of hygiene and environmental health,
J A Kieser, and
H T Groeneveld, and
P da Silva
March 2002,
Laryngo- rhino- otologie,
J A Kieser, and
H T Groeneveld, and
P da Silva
May 2003,
Paediatric anaesthesia,
J A Kieser, and
H T Groeneveld, and
P da Silva
January 2012,
Przeglad lekarski,
J A Kieser, and
H T Groeneveld, and
P da Silva
April 2002,
Chemico-biological interactions,
J A Kieser, and
H T Groeneveld, and
P da Silva
March 2014,
Anales de pediatria (Barcelona, Spain : 2003),
J A Kieser, and
H T Groeneveld, and
P da Silva
February 2009,
Pediatrics,
J A Kieser, and
H T Groeneveld, and
P da Silva
January 1993,
Pediatric dentistry,
