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Antenatal phenobarbital therapy and neonatal outcome. I: Effect on intracranial hemorrhage. 1996

S Shankaran, and E Cepeda, and G Muran, and F Mariona, and S Johnson, and S N Kazzi, and R Poland, and M P Bedard
Department of Pediatrics, Hutzel Hospital, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, USA.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of antenatal phenobarbital (PB) therapy on neonatal intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in preterm infants. METHODS Prospective, randomized, controlled trial. METHODS Single institution study. METHODS Women in preterm labor ( < 35 weeks' gestation) were assigned to control and treatment groups. The treatment group received 10 mg/kg (maximum, 1000 mg) PB intravenously, followed by 100 mg orally daily, until delivery. Neonates did not receive PB after birth. Head sonograms were performed on days 3, 7, and 14 and at discharge. Hemorrhage was classified as mild, moderate, or severe by a single reader. METHODS Incidence of neonatal ICH in all infants, infants weighing less than 1250 g, and infants of multiple gestations. RESULTS The study population comprised 110 women, 60 in the control group and 50 in the PB group. Neonates in the control group (n = 74, including 10 pairs of twins and 2 sets of triplets) were comparable to those in the treatment group (n = 62, including 7 pairs of twins, 1 set of triplets, and 1 set of quadruplets) regarding birth weight, gestational age, and other clinical risk factors for ICH. There was a trend for the incidence of any grade of hemorrhage to be lower in the PB group (22% [14 of 62]) compared with the control group (35% [26 of 74]). Moderate and severe hemorrhages were significantly lower in the PB group (1.6% [1 of 62]) compared with the control group (9.4% [7 of 74]). Among infants weighing less than 1250 g, overall ICH was lower in the PB group (23% [6 of 26]) compared with the control group (51% [18 of 35]). Among multiple-gestation infants, overall ICH was 4.7% (1 of 21) in the PB group, compared with 31% (8 of 26) in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Antenatal PB therapy results in a significant decrease in moderate and severe ICH in infants born at less than 35 weeks' gestation. Antenatal PB therapy also resulted in a decrease in the incidence of all grades of ICH in infants weighing less than 1250 g and infants born of multiple gestations.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007231 Infant, Newborn An infant during the first 28 days after birth. Neonate,Newborns,Infants, Newborn,Neonates,Newborn,Newborn Infant,Newborn Infants
D007234 Infant, Premature A human infant born before 37 weeks of GESTATION. Neonatal Prematurity,Premature Infants,Preterm Infants,Infant, Preterm,Infants, Premature,Infants, Preterm,Premature Infant,Prematurity, Neonatal,Preterm Infant
D007235 Infant, Premature, Diseases Diseases that occur in PREMATURE INFANTS.
D007275 Injections, Intravenous Injections made into a vein for therapeutic or experimental purposes. Intravenous Injections,Injection, Intravenous,Intravenous Injection
D007752 Obstetric Labor, Premature Onset of OBSTETRIC LABOR before term (TERM BIRTH) but usually after the FETUS has become viable. In humans, it occurs sometime during the 29th through 38th week of PREGNANCY. TOCOLYSIS inhibits premature labor and can prevent the BIRTH of premature infants (INFANT, PREMATURE). Preterm Labor,Labor, Premature,Premature Labor,Premature Obstetric Labor,Labor, Premature Obstetric,Labor, Preterm
D008431 Maternal-Fetal Exchange Exchange of substances between the maternal blood and the fetal blood at the PLACENTA via PLACENTAL CIRCULATION. The placental barrier excludes microbial or viral transmission. Transplacental Exposure,Exchange, Maternal-Fetal,Exposure, Transplacental,Maternal Fetal Exchange
D010351 Patient Discharge The administrative process of discharging the patient, alive or dead, from hospitals or other health facilities. Discharge Planning,Discharge Plannings,Discharge, Patient,Discharges, Patient,Patient Discharges,Planning, Discharge,Plannings, Discharge
D010634 Phenobarbital A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations. Phenemal,Phenobarbitone,Phenylbarbital,Gardenal,Hysteps,Luminal,Phenobarbital Sodium,Phenobarbital, Monosodium Salt,Phenylethylbarbituric Acid,Acid, Phenylethylbarbituric,Monosodium Salt Phenobarbital,Sodium, Phenobarbital
D011247 Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH. Gestation,Pregnancies
D011256 Pregnancy Outcome Results of conception and ensuing pregnancy, including LIVE BIRTH; STILLBIRTH; or SPONTANEOUS ABORTION. The outcome may follow natural or artificial insemination or any of the various ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNIQUES, such as EMBRYO TRANSFER or FERTILIZATION IN VITRO. Outcome, Pregnancy,Outcomes, Pregnancy,Pregnancy Outcomes

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