Biomaterial Database

Influence of milrinone and norepinephrine on blood flow in canine internal mammary artery grafts. 1996

R Gitter, and J M Anderson, and G K Jett

Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas 75218, Texas.

BACKGROUND Vasoactive agents are frequently needed in patients undergoing myocardial revascularization. The purpose of this study was to examine blood flow in the internal mammary artery (IMA) during infusion of drugs that are commonly used after myocardial revascularization. METHODS A canine right heart bypass preparation allowed precise control of cardiac output and blood pressure, which were maintained constant during drug infusion to isolate the effect of the drug on the IMA conduit. The IMA was anastomosed to a ligated left anterior descending coronary artery. Electromagnetic flow probes measured IMA graft flow. RESULTS Norepinephrine (0.1 microgram.kg-1.min-1) alone and when combined with phentolamine (8:5 ratio) did not alter IMA flow. Milrinone increased IMA flow 33% +/- 9%, from 37 +/- 7 to 49 +/- 10 mL/min. All hemodynamic variables were unchanged. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that: (1) norepinephrine did not have a deleterious effect on IMA flow and (2) milrinone may be a useful drug in patients undergoing myocardial revascularization by increasing IMA blood flow.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007387	Internal Mammary-Coronary Artery Anastomosis	Direct myocardial revascularization in which the internal mammary artery is anastomosed to the right coronary artery, circumflex artery, or anterior descending coronary artery. The internal mammary artery is the most frequent choice, especially for a single graft, for coronary artery bypass surgery.	Anastomosis, Internal Mammary-Coronary Artery,Coronary-Internal Mammary Artery Anastomosis,Internal Mammary Coronary Artery Anastomosis,Anastomosis, Internal Mammary Coronary Artery,Coronary Internal Mammary Artery Anastomosis
D009638	Norepinephrine	Precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the ADRENAL MEDULLA and is a widespread central and autonomic neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine is the principal transmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers, and of the diffuse projection system in the brain that arises from the LOCUS CERULEUS. It is also found in plants and is used pharmacologically as a sympathomimetic.	Levarterenol,Levonorepinephrine,Noradrenaline,Arterenol,Levonor,Levophed,Levophed Bitartrate,Noradrenaline Bitartrate,Noradrénaline tartrate renaudin,Norepinephrin d-Tartrate (1:1),Norepinephrine Bitartrate,Norepinephrine Hydrochloride,Norepinephrine Hydrochloride, (+)-Isomer,Norepinephrine Hydrochloride, (+,-)-Isomer,Norepinephrine d-Tartrate (1:1),Norepinephrine l-Tartrate (1:1),Norepinephrine l-Tartrate (1:1), (+,-)-Isomer,Norepinephrine l-Tartrate (1:1), Monohydrate,Norepinephrine l-Tartrate (1:1), Monohydrate, (+)-Isomer,Norepinephrine l-Tartrate (1:2),Norepinephrine l-Tartrate, (+)-Isomer,Norepinephrine, (+)-Isomer,Norepinephrine, (+,-)-Isomer
D011728	Pyridones	Pyridine derivatives with one or more keto groups on the ring.	Pyridinones
D012039	Regional Blood Flow	The flow of BLOOD through or around an organ or region of the body.	Blood Flow, Regional,Blood Flows, Regional,Flow, Regional Blood,Flows, Regional Blood,Regional Blood Flows
D003326	Coronary Circulation	The circulation of blood through the CORONARY VESSELS of the HEART.	Circulation, Coronary
D004285	Dogs	The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)	Canis familiaris,Dog
D006439	Hemodynamics	The movement and the forces involved in the movement of the blood through the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.	Hemodynamic
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D014662	Vasoconstrictor Agents	Drugs used to cause constriction of the blood vessels.	Vasoactive Agonist,Vasoactive Agonists,Vasoconstrictor,Vasoconstrictor Agent,Vasoconstrictor Drug,Vasopressor Agent,Vasopressor Agents,Vasoconstrictor Drugs,Vasoconstrictors,Agent, Vasoconstrictor,Agent, Vasopressor,Agents, Vasoconstrictor,Agents, Vasopressor,Agonist, Vasoactive,Agonists, Vasoactive,Drug, Vasoconstrictor,Drugs, Vasoconstrictor
D014665	Vasodilator Agents	Drugs used to cause dilation of the blood vessels.	Vasoactive Antagonists,Vasodilator,Vasodilator Agent,Vasodilator Drug,Vasorelaxant,Vasodilator Drugs,Vasodilators,Vasorelaxants,Agent, Vasodilator,Agents, Vasodilator,Antagonists, Vasoactive,Drug, Vasodilator,Drugs, Vasodilator