Biomaterial Database

Immunity to experimental cholera. III. Enhanced duration of protection after sequential parenteral-oral administration of toxoid to dogs. 1977

N F Pierce, and R B Sack, and B K Sircar

Protection against experimental cholera after immunization with a purified glutaraldehyde toxoid given subcutaneously (sc), orally, or by a combined sc-oral sequence was compared in dogs. The protection induced by toxoid appeared to be entirely due to antitoxin. Repeated sc immunization with precipitated toxoid resulted in 77% protection at two weeks but no protection at four months. Protection after sc immunization correlated with titers of antitoxin in serum and appeared to result entirely from serum-derived antibody. In contrast, immunization by the sc-oral sequence resulted in prolonged protection (74% at two weeks, P=0.04; 100% after four months, P=0.004; and 57% after eight months, P=0.01) that was not related to the low serum antitoxin titers achieved. This sequence was effective only if the oral booster was given in divided doses. Immunization by oral priming and boosting was ineffective. These results suggest that the sc-oral sequence of immunization is an efficient means of stimulating the enteric immune response to nonreplicating protein antigens and may provide an improved approach to immunization against cholera.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007279	Injections, Subcutaneous	Forceful administration under the skin of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle piercing the skin.	Subcutaneous Injections,Injection, Subcutaneous,Subcutaneous Injection
D008297	Male		Males
D002771	Cholera	An acute diarrheal disease endemic in India and Southeast Asia whose causative agent is VIBRIO CHOLERAE. This condition can lead to severe dehydration in a matter of hours unless quickly treated.	Vibrio cholerae Infection,Choleras,Infection, Vibrio cholerae,Infections, Vibrio cholerae,Vibrio cholerae Infections
D004285	Dogs	The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)	Canis familiaris,Dog
D005260	Female		Females
D000284	Administration, Oral	The giving of drugs, chemicals, or other substances by mouth.	Drug Administration, Oral,Administration, Oral Drug,Oral Administration,Oral Drug Administration,Administrations, Oral,Administrations, Oral Drug,Drug Administrations, Oral,Oral Administrations,Oral Drug Administrations
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D013997	Time Factors	Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.	Time Series,Factor, Time,Time Factor
D014121	Toxoids	Preparations of pathogenic organisms or their derivatives made nontoxic and intended for active immunologic prophylaxis. They include deactivated toxins. Anatoxin toxoids are distinct from anatoxins that are TROPANES found in CYANOBACTERIA.	Anatoxin Toxoid,Toxins, Deactivated,Toxoid,Anatoxin Toxoids,Deactivated Toxins,Toxoid, Anatoxin,Toxoids, Anatoxin
D014611	Vaccination	Administration of vaccines to stimulate the host's immune response. This includes any preparation intended for active immunological prophylaxis.	Immunization, Active,Active Immunization,Active Immunizations,Immunizations, Active,Vaccinations