The authors collected dietary intake data about the food and nutrient intake of 49,501 male health professionals. Edentulous participants consumed fewer vegetables, less fiber and carotene, and more cholesterol, saturated fat and calories than participants with 25 or more teeth. These factors could increase the risks of cancer and cardiovascular disease. Mean differences in intake ranged from 2 to 13 percent, independent of age, smoking, exercise and profession. Longitudinal analyses suggest that tooth loss may lead to detrimental changes in diet.