Biomaterial Database

Diabetes mellitus, race, and socioeconomic status. A population-based study. 1996

F L Brancati, and P K Whelton, and L H Kuller, and M J Klag

Welch Center for Prevention, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.

To identify factors associated with diabetes mellitus and to determine whether racial differences in these factors, especially socioeconomic status, explain the high prevalence of diabetes among African-Americans, we performed a cross-sectional study using a population-based, representative sample from three US communities. The participants comprised 975 white and 418 African-American adults, aged 35 to 54 years. The main outcome variable was the presence of diabetes defined by either self-report or abnormal results on the oral glucose tolerance test (serum glucose level > 10.0 mmol/L (180 mg/dL) 1 hour after 50-g oral glucose dose). Compared to their white counterparts, African-American participants were more overweight, displayed greater central adiposity, and had lower socioeconomic status. Diabetes was over twice as prevalent among African-Americans (10.3%) as compared to whites (4.6%; odds ratio (OR) = 2.38; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.50, 3.75; P = 0.0001). After adjustments for racial differences in age, socioeconomic status, overweight, and central adiposity, African-Americans remained over twice as likely to have diabetes compared to whites (OR = 2.35; 95% CI: 1.49, 3.73; P = 0.0003). The excess prevalence of diabetes in African-Americans was greatest in individuals of low socioeconomic status (OR = 4.09) and least among individuals of high socioeconomic status (OR = 1.90; P < 0.001 for trend). Racial differences in obesity and socioeconomic status do not appear to explain fully the higher prevalence of diabetes among African-Americans. African-American race seems to be a strong, independent risk factor for diabetes, especially among individuals of low socioeconomic status.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008297	Male		Males
D008403	Mass Screening	Organized periodic procedures performed on large groups of people for the purpose of detecting disease.	Screening,Mass Screenings,Screening, Mass,Screenings,Screenings, Mass
D008875	Middle Aged	An adult aged 45 - 64 years.	Middle Age
D011159	Population Surveillance	Ongoing scrutiny of a population (general population, study population, target population, etc.), generally using methods distinguished by their practicability, uniformity, and frequently their rapidity, rather than by complete accuracy.	Surveillance, Population
D002561	Cerebrovascular Disorders	A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others.	Brain Vascular Disorders,Intracranial Vascular Disorders,Vascular Diseases, Intracranial,Cerebrovascular Diseases,Cerebrovascular Insufficiency,Cerebrovascular Occlusion,Brain Vascular Disorder,Cerebrovascular Disease,Cerebrovascular Disorder,Cerebrovascular Insufficiencies,Cerebrovascular Occlusions,Disease, Cerebrovascular,Diseases, Cerebrovascular,Insufficiencies, Cerebrovascular,Insufficiency, Cerebrovascular,Intracranial Vascular Disease,Intracranial Vascular Diseases,Intracranial Vascular Disorder,Occlusion, Cerebrovascular,Occlusions, Cerebrovascular,Vascular Disease, Intracranial,Vascular Disorder, Brain,Vascular Disorder, Intracranial,Vascular Disorders, Brain,Vascular Disorders, Intracranial
D003430	Cross-Sectional Studies	Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.	Disease Frequency Surveys,Prevalence Studies,Analysis, Cross-Sectional,Cross Sectional Analysis,Cross-Sectional Survey,Surveys, Disease Frequency,Analyses, Cross Sectional,Analyses, Cross-Sectional,Analysis, Cross Sectional,Cross Sectional Analyses,Cross Sectional Studies,Cross Sectional Survey,Cross-Sectional Analyses,Cross-Sectional Analysis,Cross-Sectional Study,Cross-Sectional Surveys,Disease Frequency Survey,Prevalence Study,Studies, Cross-Sectional,Studies, Prevalence,Study, Cross-Sectional,Study, Prevalence,Survey, Cross-Sectional,Survey, Disease Frequency,Surveys, Cross-Sectional
D003920	Diabetes Mellitus	A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.
D005260	Female		Females
D005951	Glucose Tolerance Test	A test to determine the ability of an individual to maintain HOMEOSTASIS of BLOOD GLUCOSE. It includes measuring blood glucose levels in a fasting state, and at prescribed intervals before and after oral glucose intake (75 or 100 g) or intravenous infusion (0.5 g/kg).	Intravenous Glucose Tolerance,Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test,OGTT,Oral Glucose Tolerance,Oral Glucose Tolerance Test,Glucose Tolerance Tests,Glucose Tolerance, Oral
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man