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The role of macrophages in the development of diabetes following infection with encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus was examined in 3 strains of mice (DBA/2 and BALB/c: susceptible, C57BL/6: resistant). After infection with 100 plaque forming units (PFU)/head of EMC-D (highly diabetogenic variant), the incidence of diabetes at 3 days post infection (DPI) (DBA/2: 7/8, BALB/c: 3/8, C57BL/6: 0/8) was well correlated with the severity of macrophage infiltration with beta cell damage in the pancreatic islets (DBA/2: sever, BALB/c: moderate, C57BL/6: slight). Silica-pretreatment depleted macrophage infiltration in the pancreatic islets and decreased the incidence of diabetes at 7 DPI from 100% to 40% in DBA/2 and from 80% to 0% in BALB/c mice, respectively. These results suggest that macrophages play a critical role in the process of pancreatic beta cell damage in EMC virus infection in mice.
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