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The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC): objectives and methods; results from German ISAAC centres concerning traffic density and wheezing and allergic rhinitis. 1996

U Keil, and S K Weiland, and H Duhme, and L Chambless
Institut für Epidemiologie und Sozialmedizin, Universität Münster, Germany.

The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) was founded to maximize the value of epidemiological research into asthma and allergic disease by establishing a standardized methodology and facilitating international collaboration and comparison of data. The ISAAC design comprises three phases: Phase I uses validated core questionnaires designed to assess the prevalence and severity of asthma and allergic disease in defined populations; Phase II will investigate possible aetiological factors suggested by findings of Phase I and apply lung, blood and skin tests; Phase III will be a repetition of Phase I after 5 years to assess time trends in the prevalence and severity of wheezing, rhinitis and eczema in each ISAAC centre. In 1991 a survey on wheezing and allergic rhinitis in 2050 12-15 year old adolescents in Bochum showed a positive correlation between the prevalence of wheezing as well as allergic rhinitis and indicators of traffic density, controlling for putative confounders such as age, sex, passive smoking, active smoking, etc. In 1994-1995 an ISAAC Phase I survey conducted on adolescents in Münster, applying methodology similar to that in Bochum, found positive associations between surrogate measures of traffic density and 12 months prevalence of wheezing and lifetime prevalence of allergic rhinitis of a magnitude very close to that found in Bochum. The results from the two German cities provide support to the hypothesis that exposure to automobile emissions is related to wheezing and allergic rhinitis in children.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007390 International Agencies International organizations which provide health-related or other cooperative services. Agencies, International,Agency, International,International Agency
D010865 Pilot Projects Small-scale tests of methods and procedures to be used on a larger scale if the pilot study demonstrates that these methods and procedures can work. Pilot Studies,Pilot Study,Pilot Project,Project, Pilot,Projects, Pilot,Studies, Pilot,Study, Pilot
D012135 Respiratory Sounds Noises, normal and abnormal, heard on auscultation over any part of the RESPIRATORY TRACT. Breathing Sounds,Crackles,Lung Sounds,Pleural Rub,Rales,Rhonchi,Stridor,Wheezing,Breathing Sound,Crackle,Lung Sound,Pleural Rubs,Rale,Respiratory Sound,Rhonchus,Rub, Pleural,Sound, Breathing,Sound, Lung,Sound, Respiratory,Sounds, Breathing,Sounds, Lung,Stridors,Wheezings
D002648 Child A person 6 to 12 years of age. An individual 2 to 5 years old is CHILD, PRESCHOOL. Children
D003430 Cross-Sectional Studies Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time. Disease Frequency Surveys,Prevalence Studies,Analysis, Cross-Sectional,Cross Sectional Analysis,Cross-Sectional Survey,Surveys, Disease Frequency,Analyses, Cross Sectional,Analyses, Cross-Sectional,Analysis, Cross Sectional,Cross Sectional Analyses,Cross Sectional Studies,Cross Sectional Survey,Cross-Sectional Analyses,Cross-Sectional Analysis,Cross-Sectional Study,Cross-Sectional Surveys,Disease Frequency Survey,Prevalence Study,Studies, Cross-Sectional,Studies, Prevalence,Study, Cross-Sectional,Study, Prevalence,Survey, Cross-Sectional,Survey, Disease Frequency,Surveys, Cross-Sectional
D003625 Data Collection Systematic gathering of data for a particular purpose from various sources, including questionnaires, interviews, observation, existing records, and electronic devices. The process is usually preliminary to statistical analysis of the data. Data Collection Methods,Dual Data Collection,Collection Method, Data,Collection Methods, Data,Collection, Data,Collection, Dual Data,Data Collection Method,Method, Data Collection,Methods, Data Collection
D005858 Germany A country in central Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, between the Netherlands and Poland, south of Denmark. The capital is Berlin.
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000293 Adolescent A person 13 to 18 years of age. Adolescence,Youth,Adolescents,Adolescents, Female,Adolescents, Male,Teenagers,Teens,Adolescent, Female,Adolescent, Male,Female Adolescent,Female Adolescents,Male Adolescent,Male Adolescents,Teen,Teenager,Youths
D001249 Asthma A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL). Asthma, Bronchial,Bronchial Asthma,Asthmas

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