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Venezuelan equine encephalitis in BALB/c mice: kinetic analysis of central nervous system infection following aerosol or subcutaneous inoculation. 1996

P Vogel, and D Abplanalp, and W Kell, and M S Ibrahim, and M B Downs, and W D Pratt, and K J Davis
Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702-5011, USA.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the routes of entry of Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus into the brain, we infected BALB/c mice with a virulent strain (V3000) by aerosol or subcutaneous inoculation. METHODS Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization methods were used to detect VEE virus in tissues taken at daily intervals postinfection. RESULTS In both groups, virus in the brain first appeared in olfactory regions. Aerosol exposure caused early massive infection of olfactory epithelium, which developed into bilaterally symmetrical infection of the olfactory nerves, olfactory bulbs, and lateral olfactory tracts by day 2 postinfection. After subcutaneous inoculation, VEE in the brain also appeared first in olfactory regions, but was not detected until day 3 postinfection. By day 4 postinfection, VEE viral infection had spread throughout the brain in both groups. Vascular endothelium and the choroid plexus remained uninfected during the entire study. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that VEE virus, whether given by aerosol or subcutaneously, first enters the brain through the olfactory tract.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007150 Immunohistochemistry Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents. Immunocytochemistry,Immunogold Techniques,Immunogold-Silver Techniques,Immunohistocytochemistry,Immunolabeling Techniques,Immunogold Technics,Immunogold-Silver Technics,Immunolabeling Technics,Immunogold Silver Technics,Immunogold Silver Techniques,Immunogold Technic,Immunogold Technique,Immunogold-Silver Technic,Immunogold-Silver Technique,Immunolabeling Technic,Immunolabeling Technique,Technic, Immunogold,Technic, Immunogold-Silver,Technic, Immunolabeling,Technics, Immunogold,Technics, Immunogold-Silver,Technics, Immunolabeling,Technique, Immunogold,Technique, Immunogold-Silver,Technique, Immunolabeling,Techniques, Immunogold,Techniques, Immunogold-Silver,Techniques, Immunolabeling
D007279 Injections, Subcutaneous Forceful administration under the skin of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle piercing the skin. Subcutaneous Injections,Injection, Subcutaneous,Subcutaneous Injection
D007700 Kinetics The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
D008807 Mice, Inbred BALB C An inbred strain of mouse that is widely used in IMMUNOLOGY studies and cancer research. BALB C Mice, Inbred,BALB C Mouse, Inbred,Inbred BALB C Mice,Inbred BALB C Mouse,Mice, BALB C,Mouse, BALB C,Mouse, Inbred BALB C,BALB C Mice,BALB C Mouse
D001921 Brain The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM. Encephalon
D004666 Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine A species of ALPHAVIRUS that is the etiologic agent of encephalomyelitis in humans and equines. It is seen most commonly in parts of Central and South America. Encephalomyelitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine,Encephalitis Viruses, Venezuelan Equine,Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Viruses,Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus,Virus, Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis,Viruses, Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis
D005260 Female Females
D000336 Aerosols Colloids with a gaseous dispersing phase and either liquid (fog) or solid (smoke) dispersed phase; used in fumigation or in inhalation therapy; may contain propellant agents. Aerosol
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D017403 In Situ Hybridization A technique that localizes specific nucleic acid sequences within intact chromosomes, eukaryotic cells, or bacterial cells through the use of specific nucleic acid-labeled probes. Hybridization in Situ,Hybridization, In Situ,Hybridizations, In Situ,In Situ Hybridizations

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