In the paper authors have analyzed 70 cases of different neck, throat and larynx tumors connected with thyroid gland (44 female and 26 male, age 14 to 78), treated surgically in ENT Department of Country Hospital No 1 in Rzesów from 1974 to 1994. The material consists of 35 (50%) patients with neck tumors of thyroid origin, 20 (28,6%) patients with the tumor of thyroid gland or with nodular goitre, 8 (11,4%) patients with advanced cancer of the thyroid with shortness of breath and 7 (10%) patients with ectopy or splitted of thyroid. Based on the histopathological examination it was revealed that the highest group consists of patients with thyroid cancer because all of them live in the south-east part of Poland, which is known to be the area of higher risk of thyroid cancer. Neck tumor was the first symptom of thyroid disease in half of patients from the group mentioned above and the first symptom of 57,5% of patients with malignant neoplasms of thyroid gland were metastases to the neck lymph nodes. Among patients with thyroid malignant neoplasm the male:female ratio was 1:1,35, and the mean age-53,5 years was about 10 years higher than in the rest of patients. In 7 patients with thyroid cancer effective radical surgical treatment was applied. In 5 cases surgical treatment exceeded thyroid gland. It required very careful dissection and identification of recurrent laryngeal nerves and parathyroid glands to avoid iatrogenic damage.