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A 26-year-old man underwent an electrophysiological study for evaluation of a history of congenital heart disease, presyncope, and wide complex tachycardia. During the study the patient developed sustained atrial fibrillation with a rapid ventricular response. A 17-year-old man with a history of sick sinus syndrome developed sustained atrial fibrillation. Both patients failed four attempts at external cardioversion with a maximum delivered energy of 360 J. Low energy cardioversion was successful in both patients using biphasic waveforms and internal transvenous defibrillation electrodes. Internal cardioversion using a transvenous electrode system can be successful in patients with atrial fibrillation refractory to external cardioversion.
R A Cooper, and
E E Johnson, and
R J Kanter, and
J J Merrill, and
R A Sorentino, and
J M Wharton
September 1999,
International journal of cardiology,
R A Cooper, and
E E Johnson, and
R J Kanter, and
J J Merrill, and
R A Sorentino, and
J M Wharton
March 2004,
Heart (British Cardiac Society),
R A Cooper, and
E E Johnson, and
R J Kanter, and
J J Merrill, and
R A Sorentino, and
J M Wharton
January 1995,
Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology,
R A Cooper, and
E E Johnson, and
R J Kanter, and
J J Merrill, and
R A Sorentino, and
J M Wharton
February 1999,
Revista espanola de cardiologia,
R A Cooper, and
E E Johnson, and
R J Kanter, and
J J Merrill, and
R A Sorentino, and
J M Wharton
April 2001,
Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology,
R A Cooper, and
E E Johnson, and
R J Kanter, and
J J Merrill, and
R A Sorentino, and
J M Wharton
July 2001,
Clinical cardiology,
R A Cooper, and
E E Johnson, and
R J Kanter, and
J J Merrill, and
R A Sorentino, and
J M Wharton
September 2000,
Italian heart journal : official journal of the Italian Federation of Cardiology,
R A Cooper, and
E E Johnson, and
R J Kanter, and
J J Merrill, and
R A Sorentino, and
J M Wharton
January 1999,
Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE,
R A Cooper, and
E E Johnson, and
R J Kanter, and
J J Merrill, and
R A Sorentino, and
J M Wharton
September 1998,
Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing,
R A Cooper, and
E E Johnson, and
R J Kanter, and
J J Merrill, and
R A Sorentino, and
J M Wharton
September 1997,
Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE,
