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We have developed an improved optical recording technique with high spatio-temporal resolution to investigate neural activity from an in vivo insect brain. Optical images were acquired from hawk moth antennal lobe (AL) neurons. When activity was elicited by electrical stimulation of the antennal nerve using a stereoscopic microscope, depolarization followed by hyperpolarization was consistently recorded in the AL. When gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated synaptic transmission was blocked by the picrotoxin, the typical hyperpolarization was greatly reduced while no changes were observed in the depolarization. This suggests that the hyperpolarization results from inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) originating from GABA-sensitive chloride channels on the AL neurons.
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