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Contrast media-associated nephrotoxicity continues to be a common cause of acute renal failure. We review recent developments in our understanding of the pathogenesis of this complication, focusing on the role of vasoactive substances which include adenosine, endothelium-derived relaxing factor, and endothelin. An overview of clinical features is presented with an emphasis on the value of low osmolar contrast media in azotemic patients. Prophylactic strategies are reviewed focusing on saline hydration alone, vasoactive pharmacological agents, theophylline, 'prophylactic hemodialysis', and possible differences in how these maneuvers affect diabetic and non-diabetic azotemic patients are discussed.
M R Rudnick, and
J S Berns, and
R M Cohen, and
S Goldfarb
October 2005,
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M R Rudnick, and
J S Berns, and
R M Cohen, and
S Goldfarb
October 1989,
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M R Rudnick, and
J S Berns, and
R M Cohen, and
S Goldfarb
February 2008,
European journal of anaesthesiology,
M R Rudnick, and
J S Berns, and
R M Cohen, and
S Goldfarb
November 2018,
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M R Rudnick, and
J S Berns, and
R M Cohen, and
S Goldfarb
January 1987,
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M R Rudnick, and
J S Berns, and
R M Cohen, and
S Goldfarb
January 1994,
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M R Rudnick, and
J S Berns, and
R M Cohen, and
S Goldfarb
January 1996,
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M R Rudnick, and
J S Berns, and
R M Cohen, and
S Goldfarb
April 2013,
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M R Rudnick, and
J S Berns, and
R M Cohen, and
S Goldfarb
October 2000,
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M R Rudnick, and
J S Berns, and
R M Cohen, and
S Goldfarb
February 1991,
La Revue du praticien,
