Biomaterial Database

ATP and nitric oxide: inhibitory NANC neurotransmitters in the longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus preparation of the rat ileum. 1996

G J Smits, and R A Lefebvre

Heymans Institute of Pharmacology, University of Gent, Belgium.

1. The nature of neurotransmitter(s) involved in non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) relaxations induced by electrical stimulation (10 s trains, 1-8 Hz) was investigated in the precontracted longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus preparation of the rat ileum. 2. Electrical stimulation of the tissue induced complex responses, consisting of a primary contraction, a primary relaxation, an off-relaxation and a rebound contraction, which were all tetrodotoxin(TTX)-sensitive. 3. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and carbon monoxide (CO) did not induce relaxations. alpha-Chymotrypsin did not reduce the relaxations induced by electrical stimulation, while zinc protoporphyrin IX had non-specific effects. 4. Nitric oxide (NO) induced concentration-dependent relaxations. NG-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME) abolished the primary contractions and off-relaxations, while it partially reduced the primary relaxations. 5. ATP induced relaxations and ATP-desensitization of the tissues partially reduced the primary relaxations. Suramin and reactive blue 2 did not consistently influence the primary relaxations. 6. The ATP-induced relaxations were not influenced by L-NAME or TTX. The inhibitory effect of ATP-desensitization and L-NAME did not summate. 7. The cyclic AMP content of the tissue did not increase upon electrical stimulation or after addition of NO or ATP. The cyclic GMP content of the tissue increased upon electrical stimulation and addition of NO, but not after addition of ATP. 8. It is concluded that the relaxation induced by electrical stimulation consists of two types of responses. The off-relaxation is completely nitrergic, while the primary relaxation is mediated by NO, ATP and an as yet unknown transmitter which is not VIP or CO.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007082	Ileum	The distal and narrowest portion of the SMALL INTESTINE, between the JEJUNUM and the ILEOCECAL VALVE of the LARGE INTESTINE.
D008297	Male		Males
D009119	Muscle Contraction	A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.	Inotropism,Muscular Contraction,Contraction, Muscle,Contraction, Muscular,Contractions, Muscle,Contractions, Muscular,Inotropisms,Muscle Contractions,Muscular Contractions
D009197	Myenteric Plexus	One of two ganglionated neural networks which together form the ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM. The myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus is located between the longitudinal and circular muscle layers of the gut. Its neurons project to the circular muscle, to other myenteric ganglia, to submucosal ganglia, or directly to the epithelium, and play an important role in regulating and patterning gut motility. (From FASEB J 1989;3:127-38)	Auerbach's Plexus,Auerbach Plexus,Auerbachs Plexus,Plexus, Auerbach's,Plexus, Myenteric
D009569	Nitric Oxide	A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP.	Endogenous Nitrate Vasodilator,Mononitrogen Monoxide,Nitric Oxide, Endothelium-Derived,Nitrogen Monoxide,Endothelium-Derived Nitric Oxide,Monoxide, Mononitrogen,Monoxide, Nitrogen,Nitrate Vasodilator, Endogenous,Nitric Oxide, Endothelium Derived,Oxide, Nitric,Vasodilator, Endogenous Nitrate
D004305	Dose-Response Relationship, Drug	The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.	Dose Response Relationship, Drug,Dose-Response Relationships, Drug,Drug Dose-Response Relationship,Drug Dose-Response Relationships,Relationship, Drug Dose-Response,Relationships, Drug Dose-Response
D004558	Electric Stimulation	Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses.	Stimulation, Electric,Electrical Stimulation,Electric Stimulations,Electrical Stimulations,Stimulation, Electrical,Stimulations, Electric,Stimulations, Electrical
D000255	Adenosine Triphosphate	An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.	ATP,Adenosine Triphosphate, Calcium Salt,Adenosine Triphosphate, Chromium Salt,Adenosine Triphosphate, Magnesium Salt,Adenosine Triphosphate, Manganese Salt,Adenylpyrophosphate,CaATP,CrATP,Manganese Adenosine Triphosphate,MgATP,MnATP,ATP-MgCl2,Adenosine Triphosphate, Chromium Ammonium Salt,Adenosine Triphosphate, Magnesium Chloride,Atriphos,Chromium Adenosine Triphosphate,Cr(H2O)4 ATP,Magnesium Adenosine Triphosphate,Striadyne,ATP MgCl2
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D017208	Rats, Wistar	A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.	Wistar Rat,Rat, Wistar,Wistar Rats