Notwithstanding the shortcomings of the available data, this review of the available literature strongly suggests some real benefits of laparoscopic treatment for carefully selected patients who fail clomiphene citrate therapy. While we very cautiously endorse a place for this procedure in the armamentarium of the clinician, we would like to state emphatically that this procedure has not been shown to be free of risks to the fertility status of women. The notion that this procedure is not associated with adhesion formation is false, and the reports of ovarian atrophy, while rare, are also of serious concern. These issues, as well as the cost and risk associated with any operative procedure, underscore the importance of performing this operation only when all other available options have been exhausted. It is, in our opinion, a great disservice to the patient to perform laparoscopic equivalents of ovarian wedge resection after only a cursory infertility evaluation and a brief attempt at clomiphene citrate ovulation induction. Until it can be conclusively shown that laparoscopic ovulation induction does no harm to fertility potential or to long-term health, these procedures should be used when all available non-invasive options have been explored.