Biomaterial Database

Faecal thiaminase in clinically normal sheep associated with outbreaks of polioencephalomalacia. 1977

K A Linklater, and D A Dyson, and K T Morgan

Three flocks in which in with one of more sheep had succumbed to polioencephalomalacia (cerebrocortical necrosis) were used for faecal thiaminase studies. Up to one third of the clinically normal animals in these flocks to be excreting thiaminase on any one day and over half the flock could be thiaminase excretors at some time during an outbreak. The possible detrimental effects of sub-clinical thiamine antagonism in sheep are therefore worthy of consideration. Thiaminase excretion by individual animals was variable and sometimes intermittent. It was unaffected by changes in diet, pasture or enviroment. In two of the flocks multiple cases of polioencephalomalacia followed the administration of the anthelmintics, levamisole hydrochloride and thiabendazole. This aspect merits further investigation in view of the widespread use of anthelmintics of this type, especially as the profuse diarrhoea which can be associated with outbreaks of polioencephalomalacia may be wrongly attributed to gastro-intestinal parasitism.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007978	Levamisole	An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6)	L-Tetramisole,Levotetramisole,Decaris,Dekaris,Levamisole Hydrochloride,Solaskil,Hydrochloride, Levamisole
D008297	Male		Males
D009349	Nematode Infections	Infections by nematodes, general or unspecified.	Infections, Nematode,Infection, Nematode,Nematode Infection
D011725	Pyridines	Compounds with a six membered aromatic ring containing NITROGEN. The saturated version is PIPERIDINES.
D003967	Diarrhea	An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.	Diarrheas
D004196	Disease Outbreaks	Sudden increase in the incidence of a disease. The concept includes EPIDEMICS and PANDEMICS.	Outbreaks,Infectious Disease Outbreaks,Disease Outbreak,Disease Outbreak, Infectious,Disease Outbreaks, Infectious,Infectious Disease Outbreak,Outbreak, Disease,Outbreak, Infectious Disease,Outbreaks, Disease,Outbreaks, Infectious Disease
D004678	Encephalomalacia	Softening or loss of brain tissue following CEREBRAL INFARCTION; cerebral ischemia (see BRAIN ISCHEMIA), infection, CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA, or other injury. The term is often used during gross pathologic inspection to describe blurred cortical margins and decreased consistency of brain tissue following infarction. Multicystic encephalomalacia refers to the formation of multiple cystic cavities of various sizes in the cerebral cortex of neonates and infants following injury, most notably perinatal hypoxia-ischemic events. (From Davis et al., Textbook of Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p665; J Neuropathol Exp Neurol, 1995 Mar;54(2):268-75)	Cerebromalacia,Encephalomalacia, Multicystic,Multicystic Encephalomalacia,Cerebromalacias,Encephalomalacias,Encephalomalacias, Multicystic,Multicystic Encephalomalacias
D005243	Feces	Excrement from the INTESTINES, containing unabsorbed solids, waste products, secretions, and BACTERIA of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.
D005260	Female		Females
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia