Biomaterial Database

ELISPOT for detecting antibody-secreting cells in response to infections and vaccination. 1996

H Arvilommi

National Public Health Institute, Turku, Finland.

Based on immunoassay principles, methods have been developed for the analysis of secreted products at the cellular level. This approach offers substantial methodological advantages compared to traditional immunoassays. In a number of applications cell-based methods have proved able to overcome many of the problems inherent to immunoassays of biological fluids. This review focuses on applications of ELISPOT in natural infections and vaccinations of human individuals. The studies reviewed here have contributed to our understanding of the B-cell responses in infections and the independence of mucosal and systemic immune responses. Whilst diagnostic applications are rare, enzyme immunospot assays have been extensively used in testing the immunogenicity of vaccines. In particular, B-cell responses to mucosal vaccines are better covered with this cellular assay.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007239	Infections	Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.	Infection,Infection and Infestation,Infections and Infestations,Infestation and Infection,Infestations and Infections
D004797	Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay	An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.	ELISA,Assay, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent,Assays, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent,Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays,Immunosorbent Assay, Enzyme-Linked,Immunosorbent Assays, Enzyme-Linked
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000921	Antibody-Producing Cells	Cells of the lymphoid series that can react with antigen to produce specific cell products called antibodies. Various cell subpopulations, often B-lymphocytes, can be defined, based on the different classes of immunoglobulins that they synthesize.	Antibody-Producing Cell,Antibody-Secreting Cell,Antibody-Secreting Cells,Immunoglobulin-Producing Cells,Immunoglobulin-Secreting Cells,Antibody Producing Cell,Antibody Producing Cells,Antibody Secreting Cell,Antibody Secreting Cells,Cell, Antibody-Producing,Cell, Antibody-Secreting,Cell, Immunoglobulin-Producing,Cell, Immunoglobulin-Secreting,Cells, Antibody-Producing,Cells, Antibody-Secreting,Cells, Immunoglobulin-Producing,Cells, Immunoglobulin-Secreting,Immunoglobulin Producing Cells,Immunoglobulin Secreting Cells,Immunoglobulin-Producing Cell,Immunoglobulin-Secreting Cell
D014612	Vaccines	Suspensions of killed or attenuated microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa), antigenic proteins, synthetic constructs, or other bio-molecular derivatives, administered for the prevention, amelioration, or treatment of infectious and other diseases.	Vaccine