Efficacy of combination therapy with amantadine, thymosin alpha 1 and alpha/beta interferon in mice infected with influenza A virus. 1996

C D'Agostini, and A T Palamara, and C Favalli, and M Sivilia, and G Febbraro, and C Bue, and E Garaci
Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Italy.

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of the antiviral drug amantadine (AMN) administered in combination with thymosin alpha 1 (T alpha 1) and murine alpha/beta interferon (IFN) on mice infected with influenza A PR8 virus. Combined treatment with AMN and T alpha 1, for 4 days, followed by a single injection of IFN, was initiated 1 h after intranasal viral inoculation. The effectiveness of this new chemoimmunotherapy protocol was seen in the long-term survival of a high percentage of animals and was statistically significant when compared to treatment with single agents in conjunction with chemotherapy or to chemotherapy alone. In addition, chemoimmunotherapy treatment reduces the viral titre in the lungs as well as restoring the immunological parameters tested (natural killer cell activity; cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses; CD4+/CD8+ lymphocyte subsets) with respect to all other groups. These results suggest the potential use of these immunomodulating agents in combination with an antiviral drug in controlling PR8 influenza virus infection.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007370 Interferon Type I Interferon secreted by leukocytes, fibroblasts, or lymphoblasts in response to viruses or interferon inducers other than mitogens, antigens, or allo-antigens. They include alpha- and beta-interferons (INTERFERON-ALPHA and INTERFERON-BETA). Interferons Type I,Type I Interferon,Type I Interferons,Interferon, Type I,Interferons, Type I
D007694 Killer Cells, Natural Bone marrow-derived lymphocytes that possess cytotoxic properties, classically directed against transformed and virus-infected cells. Unlike T CELLS; and B CELLS; NK CELLS are not antigen specific. The cytotoxicity of natural killer cells is determined by the collective signaling of an array of inhibitory and stimulatory CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. A subset of T-LYMPHOCYTES referred to as NATURAL KILLER T CELLS shares some of the properties of this cell type. NK Cells,Natural Killer Cells,Cell, NK,Cell, Natural Killer,Cells, NK,Cells, Natural Killer,Killer Cell, Natural,NK Cell,Natural Killer Cell
D008297 Male Males
D008807 Mice, Inbred BALB C An inbred strain of mouse that is widely used in IMMUNOLOGY studies and cancer research. BALB C Mice, Inbred,BALB C Mouse, Inbred,Inbred BALB C Mice,Inbred BALB C Mouse,Mice, BALB C,Mouse, BALB C,Mouse, Inbred BALB C,BALB C Mice,BALB C Mouse
D009976 Orthomyxoviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by the ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE. Orthomyxovirus Infections,Infections, Orthomyxoviridae,Infections, Orthomyxovirus,Swine Influenza,Infection, Orthomyxoviridae,Infection, Orthomyxovirus,Influenza, Swine,Orthomyxoviridae Infection,Orthomyxovirus Infection
D009980 Influenza A virus The type species of the genus ALPHAINFLUENZAVIRUS that causes influenza and other diseases in humans and animals. Antigenic variation occurs frequently between strains, allowing classification into subtypes and variants. Transmission is usually by aerosol (human and most non-aquatic hosts) or waterborne (ducks). Infected birds shed the virus in their saliva, nasal secretions, and feces. Alphainfluenzavirus influenzae,Avian Orthomyxovirus Type A,FLUAV,Fowl Plague Virus,Human Influenza A Virus,Influenza Virus Type A,Influenza Viruses Type A,Myxovirus influenzae-A hominis,Myxovirus influenzae-A suis,Myxovirus pestis galli,Orthomyxovirus Type A,Orthomyxovirus Type A, Avian,Orthomyxovirus Type A, Human,Orthomyxovirus Type A, Porcine,Pestis galli Myxovirus,Fowl Plague Viruses,Influenza A viruses,Myxovirus influenzae A hominis,Myxovirus influenzae A suis,Myxovirus, Pestis galli,Myxoviruses, Pestis galli,Pestis galli Myxoviruses,Plague Virus, Fowl,Virus, Fowl Plague
D002452 Cell Count The number of CELLS of a specific kind, usually measured per unit volume or area of sample. Cell Density,Cell Number,Cell Counts,Cell Densities,Cell Numbers,Count, Cell,Counts, Cell,Densities, Cell,Density, Cell,Number, Cell,Numbers, Cell
D004359 Drug Therapy, Combination Therapy with two or more separate preparations given for a combined effect. Combination Chemotherapy,Polychemotherapy,Chemotherapy, Combination,Combination Drug Therapy,Drug Polytherapy,Therapy, Combination Drug,Chemotherapies, Combination,Combination Chemotherapies,Combination Drug Therapies,Drug Polytherapies,Drug Therapies, Combination,Polychemotherapies,Polytherapies, Drug,Polytherapy, Drug,Therapies, Combination Drug
D000547 Amantadine An antiviral that is used in the prophylactic or symptomatic treatment of influenza A. It is also used as an antiparkinsonian agent, to treat extrapyramidal reactions, and for postherpetic neuralgia. The mechanisms of its effects in movement disorders are not well understood but probably reflect an increase in synthesis and release of dopamine, with perhaps some inhibition of dopamine uptake. 1-Aminoadamantane,Adamantylamine,Adekin,Aman,Amanta,Amanta-HCI-AZU,Amanta-Sulfate-AZU,Amantadin AL,Amantadin AZU,Amantadin Stada,Amantadin-neuraxpharm,Amantadin-ratiopharm,Amantadina Juventus,Amantadina Llorente,Amantadine Hydrochloride,Amantadine Sulfate,Amixx,Cerebramed,Endantadine,Gen-Amantadine,Infecto-Flu,Infex,Mantadix,Midantan,PMS-Amantadine,Symadine,Symmetrel,Viregyt,Wiregyt,tregor,1 Aminoadamantane,AL, Amantadin,AZU, Amantadin,Amanta HCI AZU,Amanta Sulfate AZU,AmantaHCIAZU,AmantaSulfateAZU,Amantadin neuraxpharm,Amantadin ratiopharm,Amantadinneuraxpharm,Amantadinratiopharm,Gen Amantadine,GenAmantadine,Hydrochloride, Amantadine,Infecto Flu,InfectoFlu,Juventus, Amantadina,Llorente, Amantadina,PMS Amantadine,PMSAmantadine,Stada, Amantadin,Sulfate, Amantadine
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia

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