Magnetic resonance (MR) arthrography is possible in any joint in which standard arthrography is performed. The diagnostic potential of this technique is optimized in the assessment of complex anatomical structures and intra-articular abnormalities that are difficult to visualize on conventional MR images. This paper presents the most common applications of MR arthrography in the shoulder, hip, knee, ankle, elbow and wrist, and explores the clinical indications in which MR arthrography adds the greatest benefit compared to standard arthrography and conventional MR imaging. Arthrographic MR images are most valuable in the evaluation of glenoid and acetabular labra, tendons of the rotator cuff, post-operative menisci, osteochondral fractures and loose bodies.