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OBJECTIVE The relationship between stillbirths and infections during pregnancy. METHODS Antibodies to 13 different viruses and to Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Treponema pallidum, Toxoplasma gondii, and Chlamydia trachomatis, psittaci, and pneumoniae were studied from sera of 42 mothers with stillbirth and of matched case-control pregnancies. RESULTS Elevated antibody levels to Chlamydia trachomatis and human parvovirus B19 were observed in seven mothers with stillbirth as compared with one in matched case controls (p-0.03 and p < 0.06, Fisher's exact one- and two-tailed p values). By a novel EIA test for C. trachomatis, based on synthetic polypeptide, 15 positive cases were detected in patients compared to seven in controls. Placental calcifications and fetal growth retardation appeared more often (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively) in the C. trachomatis- associated cases than in the others. There was no significant relation between stillbirth and the other antibodies. CONCLUSIONS We suggest C. trachomatis as a hitherto unrecognized possible cause of still-births besides human parvovirus B19. A new EIA test for C. trachomatis, one covering all strains, is promising and makes the future assays more convenient, and may thus make it possible to reduce the rate of stillbirths.
M Koskiniemi, and
P Ammälä, and
A Närvänen, and
P Saikku, and
M Söderlund, and
P Koskela, and
P Laurila, and
A Vaheri
April 2008,
Sexually transmitted infections,
M Koskiniemi, and
P Ammälä, and
A Närvänen, and
P Saikku, and
M Söderlund, and
P Koskela, and
P Laurila, and
A Vaheri
July 1976,
Journal of clinical microbiology,
M Koskiniemi, and
P Ammälä, and
A Närvänen, and
P Saikku, and
M Söderlund, and
P Koskela, and
P Laurila, and
A Vaheri
December 2017,
Gastroenterology research,
M Koskiniemi, and
P Ammälä, and
A Närvänen, and
P Saikku, and
M Söderlund, and
P Koskela, and
P Laurila, and
A Vaheri
September 1997,
European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology,
M Koskiniemi, and
P Ammälä, and
A Närvänen, and
P Saikku, and
M Söderlund, and
P Koskela, and
P Laurila, and
A Vaheri
May 2017,
Birth defects research,
M Koskiniemi, and
P Ammälä, and
A Närvänen, and
P Saikku, and
M Söderlund, and
P Koskela, and
P Laurila, and
A Vaheri
May 1991,
American clinical laboratory,
M Koskiniemi, and
P Ammälä, and
A Närvänen, and
P Saikku, and
M Söderlund, and
P Koskela, and
P Laurila, and
A Vaheri
January 1987,
Przeglad dermatologiczny,
M Koskiniemi, and
P Ammälä, and
A Närvänen, and
P Saikku, and
M Söderlund, and
P Koskela, and
P Laurila, and
A Vaheri
January 2000,
Infection,
M Koskiniemi, and
P Ammälä, and
A Närvänen, and
P Saikku, and
M Söderlund, and
P Koskela, and
P Laurila, and
A Vaheri
October 1998,
International journal of STD & AIDS,
M Koskiniemi, and
P Ammälä, and
A Närvänen, and
P Saikku, and
M Söderlund, and
P Koskela, and
P Laurila, and
A Vaheri
August 1987,
Genitourinary medicine,
