Homovanillic acid (HVA) and vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), two end products of dopamine metabolism, were measured in 60 workers exposed to carbon disulfide (CS(2)) in a rayon factory and in 48 unexposed workers. The airborne CS(2) concentrations in eight major exposure zones of the plant were measured monthly over a period of 4 years, from 1990 to 1994. In addition, the exposure concentrations and exposure history of each worker were integrated to estimate the overall lifetime exposure. Industrial hygiene data showed that the geometric mean concentrations of CS(2) in the plant ranged from 2.68 to 20.19 ppm, and more than 15% of the studied population had been repeatedly exposed to CS(2) at concentrations exceeding the ACGIH recommended time-weighted average of 10 ppm. The results showed that there was a significantly lower level and a higher proportion of CS(2) workers with decreased HVA and VMA excretion. However, there were no statistical correlations between the two dopaminergic metabolites and the mean CS(2) concentration, and years of employment. In contrast, significant dose-effect relationships were observed between these two metabolites and the integrated cumulative exposure (ICE) variable. The correlation coefficients for ICE and HVA, and ICE and VMA were -0.35 (p < 0.01) and -0.20 (p <0.05), respectively. These data suggest that chronic exposure to CS(2) was associated with measurable reduction in catecholamine metabolite concentrations. This finding is compatible with the earlier observations in laboratory animals that CS(2) exposures interfere with neurochemical metabolism.