The aim of the study was to investigate inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), IL-6, IL-8 in amniotic fluid, in a cohort of Swedish pregnant women from early to late pregnancy and Mozambican late pregnant women with and without signs of histologic chorioamnionitis. Eleven Swedish women were studied from early pregnancy (week 16-17) to late pregnancy (week 37-38). Amniotic fluid was collected via amniocentesis in early pregnancy and also in late pregnancy during elective Caesarean section. From Mozambican women, amniotic fluid was harvested transmurally through the uterus wall during elective Caesarean section. Half of the group of 30 women showed histological signs of chorioamnionitis and half of the group did not show such signs. A statistical, significant increase in IL-1ra, Il-6 and IL-8 values from early to late pregnancy was seen in the Swedish pregnant women. Among the Mozambican women, no statistically significant increase in the above-mentioned interleukins was observed when comparing women with and without histological signs of chorioamnionitis. Term Swedish and Mozambican women did not show differences in cytokine levels. There were no detectable values of IL-1 beta in either Swedish or Mozambican women. IL-1ra, IL-6 and IL-8 increased in amniotic fluid from the second to the third trimester in the Swedish cohort. No correlation was found between histological chorioamnionitis and elevated cytokine levels of amniotic fluid in term pregnant women not in labour. An equally good cytokine response was found among Swedish and Mozambican third-trimester non-labouring women.