This study characterized the peripheral plasma placental lactogen (bPL) profile throughout gestation and examined the relationship between the stage of gestation, fetal mass, number, and postpartum lactation with circulating levels of bPL in Holstein cows after nonsurgical embryo transfer. Cows (n = 12) were divided into two groups: Group 1 = single embryo recipient cows (n = 5); Group 2 = twin embryo recipient cows (n = 7). Blood was collected about every third day from Day 0 (Day 0 was defined as the first day of standing estrus), then daily for the last 10 d of gestation, and sampling was stopped 1 d postpartum. The cows were milked twice daily at 0800 and 1800 hr. Two twin-embryo recipient cows had abnormal pregnancies; therefore, their data were excluded from that of the group and reported separately. The time trend concentrations of plasma bPL were significantly affected by the stage of gestation (P < 0.01) but not fetal number (P < 0.21). In both groups bPL levels remained low during the first two trimesters, then increased rapidly (P < 0.01) to peak concentrations between Days 200 and 220, and stabilized at this elevated level until parturition. Postpartum milk yields were indistinguishable between the singleton and twin bearing cows. Calf birth weight and postpartum lactation were both correlated (P < 0.01) to peripheral bPL concentration in singleton cows, however, this relationship decreased with a subsequent increase in fetal number. Cows giving birth prematurely to stillborn calves or to a schistosomus reflexus calf exhibited a deviating pBL profile. These results indicate that peripheral bPL levels are positively associated with the stage of gestation but not with fetal number. Otherwise, the peripheral pattern of bPL is a valuable index for predicting feto-placental viability.