Biomaterial Database

Tenascin-C lines the migratory pathways of avian primordial germ cells and hematopoietic progenitor cells. 1996

K K Anstrom, and R P Tucker

Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.

Tenascin-C is a large hexameric extracellular matrix glycoprotein associated with epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, connective tissue development, and the formation of the central nervous system. Tenascin-C also lines the pathways followed by migrating avian neural crest cells, although its role in neural crest morphogenesis remains unclear. In vitro, tenascin-C interferes with cell-fibronectin interactions, and promotes the motility of many cell types including the neural crest. To determine if tenascin-C is a consistent component of matrices through which invasive embryonic cells migrate, we have investigated if tenascin-C is associated with 2 additional populations of motile, embryonic cells: primordial germ cells and hematopoietic progenitor cells. We have found that HNK-1, a monoclonal antibody used as a marker of neural crest, also stains avian primordial germ cells. Double-label immunohistochemistry reveals that tenascin-C is found in the mesenchyme adjacent to the ventral half of the dorsal aorta where the primordial germ cells penetrate the vessel wall, and both tenascin-C and fibronectin are present in the extracellular matrix through which the primordial germ cells migrate to reach the genital ridges. Unlike fibronectin, which is found throughout the splanchnic mesoderm, tenascin-C is concentrated in the proximal part of the splanchnic region where the primordial germ cells are concentrated. In embryos where the gonadal anlagen are surgically removed before the primordial germ cells leave the bloodstream, ectopic primordial germ cells were found exclusively in head and trunk mesenchyme containing tenascin-C. Like primordial germ cells, a subset of hematopoietic progenitor cells migrate through the mesenchyme ventral to the dorsal aorta where they form hematopoietic clusters. Others bud directly into the lumen of the aorta. Anti-tenascin-C stains the mesenchyme surrounding the migrating cells as well as the basal surfaces of the cells that appear to be budding into the lumen. In situ hybridization with a tenascin-C-specific cDNA probe shows that the major sources of the tenascin-C mRNA in this region are the hematopoietic progenitor cells themselves as well as the cells in the wall of the ventral aorta. mRNAs encoding 3 major splice variants of tenascin-C were identified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the embryonic aorta and adjacent mesenchyme dissected from both the region of primordial germ cell and hematopoietic precursor cell migration. These experiments indicate that tenascin-C is a component of the migratory environment for many motile cells in the early embryo, where it has the potential to mediate cell-fibronectin interactions.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007150	Immunohistochemistry	Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.	Immunocytochemistry,Immunogold Techniques,Immunogold-Silver Techniques,Immunohistocytochemistry,Immunolabeling Techniques,Immunogold Technics,Immunogold-Silver Technics,Immunolabeling Technics,Immunogold Silver Technics,Immunogold Silver Techniques,Immunogold Technic,Immunogold Technique,Immunogold-Silver Technic,Immunogold-Silver Technique,Immunolabeling Technic,Immunolabeling Technique,Technic, Immunogold,Technic, Immunogold-Silver,Technic, Immunolabeling,Technics, Immunogold,Technics, Immunogold-Silver,Technics, Immunolabeling,Technique, Immunogold,Technique, Immunogold-Silver,Technique, Immunolabeling,Techniques, Immunogold,Techniques, Immunogold-Silver,Techniques, Immunolabeling
D002465	Cell Movement	The movement of cells from one location to another. Distinguish from CYTOKINESIS which is the process of dividing the CYTOPLASM of a cell.	Cell Migration,Locomotion, Cell,Migration, Cell,Motility, Cell,Movement, Cell,Cell Locomotion,Cell Motility,Cell Movements,Movements, Cell
D002642	Chick Embryo	The developmental entity of a fertilized chicken egg (ZYGOTE). The developmental process begins about 24 h before the egg is laid at the BLASTODISC, a small whitish spot on the surface of the EGG YOLK. After 21 days of incubation, the embryo is fully developed before hatching.	Embryo, Chick,Chick Embryos,Embryos, Chick
D004625	Embryo, Nonmammalian	The developmental entity of a fertilized egg (ZYGOTE) in animal species other than MAMMALS. For chickens, use CHICK EMBRYO.	Embryonic Structures, Nonmammalian,Embryo, Non-Mammalian,Embryonic Structures, Non-Mammalian,Nonmammalian Embryo,Nonmammalian Embryo Structures,Nonmammalian Embryonic Structures,Embryo Structure, Nonmammalian,Embryo Structures, Nonmammalian,Embryo, Non Mammalian,Embryonic Structure, Non-Mammalian,Embryonic Structure, Nonmammalian,Embryonic Structures, Non Mammalian,Embryos, Non-Mammalian,Embryos, Nonmammalian,Non-Mammalian Embryo,Non-Mammalian Embryonic Structure,Non-Mammalian Embryonic Structures,Non-Mammalian Embryos,Nonmammalian Embryo Structure,Nonmammalian Embryonic Structure,Nonmammalian Embryos,Structure, Non-Mammalian Embryonic,Structure, Nonmammalian Embryo,Structure, Nonmammalian Embryonic,Structures, Non-Mammalian Embryonic,Structures, Nonmammalian Embryo,Structures, Nonmammalian Embryonic
D005854	Germ Cells	The reproductive cells in multicellular organisms at various stages during GAMETOGENESIS.	Gamete,Gametes,Germ-Line Cells,Germ Line,Cell, Germ,Cell, Germ-Line,Cells, Germ,Cells, Germ-Line,Germ Cell,Germ Line Cells,Germ Lines,Germ-Line Cell
D006412	Hematopoietic Stem Cells	Progenitor cells from which all blood cells derived. They are found primarily in the bone marrow and also in small numbers in the peripheral blood.	Colony-Forming Units, Hematopoietic,Progenitor Cells, Hematopoietic,Stem Cells, Hematopoietic,Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells,Cell, Hematopoietic Progenitor,Cell, Hematopoietic Stem,Cells, Hematopoietic Progenitor,Cells, Hematopoietic Stem,Colony Forming Units, Hematopoietic,Colony-Forming Unit, Hematopoietic,Hematopoietic Colony-Forming Unit,Hematopoietic Colony-Forming Units,Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell,Hematopoietic Stem Cell,Progenitor Cell, Hematopoietic,Stem Cell, Hematopoietic,Unit, Hematopoietic Colony-Forming,Units, Hematopoietic Colony-Forming
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D016133	Polymerase Chain Reaction	In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.	Anchored PCR,Inverse PCR,Nested PCR,PCR,Anchored Polymerase Chain Reaction,Inverse Polymerase Chain Reaction,Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction,PCR, Anchored,PCR, Inverse,PCR, Nested,Polymerase Chain Reactions,Reaction, Polymerase Chain,Reactions, Polymerase Chain
D017403	In Situ Hybridization	A technique that localizes specific nucleic acid sequences within intact chromosomes, eukaryotic cells, or bacterial cells through the use of specific nucleic acid-labeled probes.	Hybridization in Situ,Hybridization, In Situ,Hybridizations, In Situ,In Situ Hybridizations
D018507	Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental	Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism.	Developmental Gene Expression Regulation,Embryologic Gene Expression Regulation,Gene Expression Regulation, Embryologic,Regulation of Gene Expression, Developmental,Regulation of Gene Expression, Embryologic,Regulation, Gene Expression, Developmental,Regulation, Gene Expression, Embryologic