Biomaterial Database

Computer expert system for the histopathologic diagnosis of salivary gland neoplasms. 1996

F J Firriolo, and B A Levy

Department of Diagnosis and General Dentistry, University of Louisville, School of Dentistry, Ky., USA.

The design, development, and testing of a prototype interactive histopathologic expert system capable of diagnosing 15 types of primary salivary gland neoplasms is described. The system incorporates a multiple subprogram modular design and makes use of multiple reasoning methods including: data-driven and goal-directed rule-based reasoning, linear pattern recognition, and Bayesian classification. Its user interface incorporates both a "hypertext" context-sensitive information assistance facility and the video display of stored and digitized photomicrographic images. The system can report a differential diagnosis of its findings with assessment of its confidence in its diagnosis. The system's performance was evaluated in a series of tests. The results of a weighted kappa analysis of the system's diagnoses versus those of four oral pathologists for 20 salivary gland neoplasms indicated no statistical difference in diagnostic performance between the system and the human experts and each of the experts in relationship to the others (Wilcoxon rank sums test). A modified version of Turing's test of artificial intelligence demonstrated no statistically significant difference in the system's diagnoses versus the diagnosis of four human expert pathologists (Fisher's exact test). The knowledge and experience gained in the development and testing of the expert system described in this study have demonstrated the validity of histopathologic diagnostic expert systems in a selected area of oral pathology.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D010339	Pathology, Oral	A dental specialty concerned with pathology of the oral cavity.	Maxillofacial Pathology,Oral Pathology,Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology,Pathology, Maxillofacial
D010363	Pattern Recognition, Automated	In INFORMATION RETRIEVAL, machine-sensing or identification of visible patterns (shapes, forms, and configurations). (Harrod's Librarians' Glossary, 7th ed)	Automated Pattern Recognition,Pattern Recognition System,Pattern Recognition Systems
D003697	Delphi Technique	An iterative questionnaire designed to measure consensus among individual responses. In the classic Delphi approach, there is no interaction between responder and interviewer.	Delphi Method,Delphi Studies,Delphi Technic,Delphi Methods,Delphi Study,Delphi Technics,Delphi Techniques,Method, Delphi,Methods, Delphi,Studies, Delphi,Study, Delphi,Technic, Delphi,Technics, Delphi,Technique, Delphi,Techniques, Delphi
D003936	Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted	Application of computer programs designed to assist the physician in solving a diagnostic problem.	Computer-Assisted Diagnosis,Computer Assisted Diagnosis,Computer-Assisted Diagnoses,Diagnoses, Computer-Assisted,Diagnosis, Computer Assisted
D003945	Diagnosis, Oral	Examination of the mouth and teeth toward the identification and diagnosis of intraoral disease or manifestation of non-oral conditions.	Oral Examination,Examination, Oral,Oral Diagnosis,Diagnoses, Oral,Examinations, Oral,Oral Diagnoses,Oral Examinations
D004867	Equipment Design	Methods and patterns of fabricating machines and related hardware.	Design, Equipment,Device Design,Medical Device Design,Design, Medical Device,Designs, Medical Device,Device Design, Medical,Device Designs, Medical,Medical Device Designs,Design, Device,Designs, Device,Designs, Equipment,Device Designs,Equipment Designs
D005069	Evaluation Studies as Topic	Works about studies that determine the effectiveness or value of processes, personnel, and equipment, or the material on conducting such studies.	Critique,Evaluation Indexes,Evaluation Methodology,Evaluation Report,Evaluation Research,Methodology, Evaluation,Pre-Post Tests,Qualitative Evaluation,Quantitative Evaluation,Theoretical Effectiveness,Use-Effectiveness,Critiques,Effectiveness, Theoretical,Evaluation Methodologies,Evaluation Reports,Evaluation, Qualitative,Evaluation, Quantitative,Evaluations, Qualitative,Evaluations, Quantitative,Indexes, Evaluation,Methodologies, Evaluation,Pre Post Tests,Pre-Post Test,Qualitative Evaluations,Quantitative Evaluations,Report, Evaluation,Reports, Evaluation,Research, Evaluation,Test, Pre-Post,Tests, Pre-Post,Use Effectiveness
D005103	Expert Systems	Computer programs based on knowledge developed from consultation with experts on a problem, and the processing and/or formalizing of this knowledge using these programs in such a manner that the problems may be solved.	Expert System,System, Expert,Systems, Expert
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D001499	Bayes Theorem	A theorem in probability theory named for Thomas Bayes (1702-1761). In epidemiology, it is used to obtain the probability of disease in a group of people with some characteristic on the basis of the overall rate of that disease and of the likelihood of that characteristic in healthy and diseased individuals. The most familiar application is in clinical decision analysis where it is used for estimating the probability of a particular diagnosis given the appearance of some symptoms or test result.	Bayesian Analysis,Bayesian Estimation,Bayesian Forecast,Bayesian Method,Bayesian Prediction,Analysis, Bayesian,Bayesian Approach,Approach, Bayesian,Approachs, Bayesian,Bayesian Approachs,Estimation, Bayesian,Forecast, Bayesian,Method, Bayesian,Prediction, Bayesian,Theorem, Bayes