Biomaterial Database

Monitoring during mechanical ventilation. 1996

A Jubran, and M J Tobin

Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Edward Hines, Jr, Veterans Administration Hospital, Hines, Illinois, USA.

Approximately half of the patients admitted to an ICU are admitted for the purposes of monitoring rather than interventional therapy. In the last decade, significant technologic advances have enhanced monitoring capacities, and the understanding of the pathophysiology of respiratory failure has improved pari passu, allowing clinicians to employ monitors in a more intelligent manner. This article deals with new developments in arterial blood gas monitoring, pulse oximetry, capnometry, and monitoring of neuromuscular function and pulmonary mechanics, emphasizing issues most relevant to mechanical ventilation.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008170	Lung Compliance	The capability of the LUNGS to distend under pressure as measured by pulmonary volume change per unit pressure change. While not a complete description of the pressure-volume properties of the lung, it is nevertheless useful in practice as a measure of the comparative stiffness of the lung. (From Best & Taylor's Physiological Basis of Medical Practice, 12th ed, p562)	Compliance, Lung,Compliances, Lung,Lung Compliances
D008991	Monitoring, Physiologic	The continuous measurement of physiological processes, blood pressure, heart rate, renal output, reflexes, respiration, etc., in a patient or experimental animal; includes pharmacologic monitoring, the measurement of administered drugs or their metabolites in the blood, tissues, or urine.	Patient Monitoring,Monitoring, Physiological,Physiologic Monitoring,Monitoring, Patient,Physiological Monitoring
D010092	Oximetry	The determination of oxygen-hemoglobin saturation of blood either by withdrawing a sample and passing it through a classical photoelectric oximeter or by electrodes attached to some translucent part of the body like finger, earlobe, or skin fold. It includes non-invasive oxygen monitoring by pulse oximetry.	Pulse Oximetry,Oximetry, Pulse,Oximetries,Oximetries, Pulse,Pulse Oximetries
D011659	Pulmonary Gas Exchange	The exchange of OXYGEN and CARBON DIOXIDE between alveolar air and pulmonary capillary blood that occurs across the BLOOD-AIR BARRIER.	Exchange, Pulmonary Gas,Gas Exchange, Pulmonary
D012119	Respiration	The act of breathing with the LUNGS, consisting of INHALATION, or the taking into the lungs of the ambient air, and of EXHALATION, or the expelling of the modified air which contains more CARBON DIOXIDE than the air taken in (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed.). This does not include tissue respiration (	Breathing
D012121	Respiration, Artificial	Any method of artificial breathing that employs mechanical or non-mechanical means to force the air into and out of the lungs. Artificial respiration or ventilation is used in individuals who have stopped breathing or have RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY to increase their intake of oxygen (O2) and excretion of carbon dioxide (CO2).	Ventilation, Mechanical,Mechanical Ventilation,Artificial Respiration,Artificial Respirations,Mechanical Ventilations,Respirations, Artificial,Ventilations, Mechanical
D001784	Blood Gas Analysis	Measurement of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.	Analysis, Blood Gas,Analyses, Blood Gas,Blood Gas Analyses,Gas Analyses, Blood,Gas Analysis, Blood
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D014939	Work of Breathing	RESPIRATORY MUSCLE contraction during INHALATION. The work is accomplished in three phases: LUNG COMPLIANCE work, that required to expand the LUNGS against its elastic forces; tissue resistance work, that required to overcome the viscosity of the lung and chest wall structures; and AIRWAY RESISTANCE work, that required to overcome airway resistance during the movement of air into the lungs. Work of breathing does not refer to expiration, which is entirely a passive process caused by elastic recoil of the lung and chest cage. (Guyton, Textbook of Medical Physiology, 8th ed, p406)	Breathing Work,Breathing Works
D018467	Positive-Pressure Respiration, Intrinsic	Non-therapeutic positive end-expiratory pressure occurring frequently in patients with severe airway obstruction. It can appear with or without the administration of external positive end-expiratory pressure (POSITIVE-PRESSURE RESPIRATION). It presents an important load on the inspiratory muscles which are operating at a mechanical disadvantage due to hyperinflation. Auto-PEEP may cause profound hypotension that should be treated by intravascular volume expansion, increasing the time for expiration, and/or changing from assist mode to intermittent mandatory ventilation mode. (From Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 12th ed, p1127)	Auto-PEEP,PEEP, Intrinsic,PEEP, Occult,Positive-Pressure Respiration, Occult,AutoPEEP,Non-Therapeutic Positive-Pressure Respiration,Nontherapeutic Positive-Pressure Respiration,Positive-Pressure Respiration, Non-Therapeutic,Positive-Pressure Respiration, Nontherapeutic,Respiration, Non-Therapeutic Positive-Pressure,Respiration, Nontherapeutic Positive-Pressure,Auto PEEP,Intrinsic PEEP,Intrinsic Positive-Pressure Respiration,Non Therapeutic Positive Pressure Respiration,Nontherapeutic Positive Pressure Respiration,Occult PEEP,Occult Positive-Pressure Respiration,Positive Pressure Respiration, Intrinsic,Positive Pressure Respiration, Non Therapeutic,Positive Pressure Respiration, Nontherapeutic,Positive Pressure Respiration, Occult,Respiration, Intrinsic Positive-Pressure,Respiration, Non Therapeutic Positive Pressure,Respiration, Nontherapeutic Positive Pressure,Respiration, Occult Positive-Pressure