The effects of a cold-water immersion stressor on the reinforcing and subjective effects of fentanyl in healthy volunteers. 1996

J P Zacny, and M A McKay, and A Y Toledano, and S Marks, and C J Young, and P A Klock, and J L Apfelbaum
Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care MC4028, University of Chicago IL 60637, USA. zacn@midway.uchicago.edu

The reinforcing and subjective effects of fentanyl, an opioid analgesic, were tested in ten healthy volunteers without histories of drug abuse, as a function of the temperature of a water bath in which the volunteers' forearms were immersed. The temperatures were body-temperature (37 degrees C), moderately cold (10 degrees C), and very cold (2 degrees C). A discrete-trial choice procedure was used in which, in each session, volunteers sampled 50 micrograms of fentanyl (delivered as a bolus via an infusion pump) and saline, and then on three successive trials, chose between the two. Volunteers then had to immerse their non-dominant forearm in the water bath 5 min after a drug delivery. Fentanyl was chosen on 77% of choice occasions in the 10 degrees C and 2 degrees C water conditions, which was significantly different from chance levels, and on 60% of choice occasions in the 37 degrees C water condition, which did not differ from chance levels. Several subjective effects of fentanyl were also modulated by the temperature of the water bath. We conclude that in the context of a painful stimulus, 50 micrograms of fentanyl functions as a reinforcer in non-drug abusers.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007101 Immersion The placing of a body or a part thereof into a liquid. Submersion,Immersions,Submersions
D007260 Infusion Pumps Fluid propulsion systems driven mechanically, electrically, or osmotically that are used to inject (or infuse) over time agents into a patient or experimental animal; used routinely in hospitals to maintain a patent intravenous line, to administer antineoplastic agents and other drugs in thromboembolism, heart disease, diabetes mellitus (INSULIN INFUSION SYSTEMS is also available), and other disorders. Drug Infusion Systems,Infusion Pump,Infusion Pumps, External,Infusors,Intravenous Drug Delivery System,Intravenous Drug Delivery Systems,Perfusion Pumps,Pumps, Infusion,Drug Infusion System,External Infusion Pump,External Infusion Pumps,Infusion Pump, External,Infusion System, Drug,Infusion Systems, Drug,Infusor,Perfusion Pump,Pump, External Infusion,Pump, Infusion,Pump, Perfusion,Pumps, External Infusion,Pumps, Perfusion,System, Drug Infusion,Systems, Drug Infusion
D008297 Male Males
D009042 Motivation Those factors which cause an organism to behave or act in either a goal-seeking or satisfying manner. They may be influenced by physiological drives or by external stimuli. Incentives,Disincentives,Expectations,Disincentive,Expectation,Incentive,Motivations
D003080 Cold Temperature An absence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably below an accustomed norm. Cold,Cold Temperatures,Temperature, Cold,Temperatures, Cold
D004311 Double-Blind Method A method of studying a drug or procedure in which both the subjects and investigators are kept unaware of who is actually getting which specific treatment. Double-Masked Study,Double-Blind Study,Double-Masked Method,Double Blind Method,Double Blind Study,Double Masked Method,Double Masked Study,Double-Blind Methods,Double-Blind Studies,Double-Masked Methods,Double-Masked Studies,Method, Double-Blind,Method, Double-Masked,Methods, Double-Blind,Methods, Double-Masked,Studies, Double-Blind,Studies, Double-Masked,Study, Double-Blind,Study, Double-Masked
D005059 Euphoria An exaggerated feeling of physical and emotional well-being not consonant with apparent stimuli or events; usually of psychologic origin, but also seen in organic brain disease and toxic states. Euphorias
D005260 Female Females
D005283 Fentanyl A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078) Phentanyl,Duragesic,Durogesic,Fentanest,Fentanyl Citrate,Fentora,R-4263,Sublimaze,Transmucosal Oral Fentanyl Citrate,R 4263,R4263
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man

Related Publications

J P Zacny, and M A McKay, and A Y Toledano, and S Marks, and C J Young, and P A Klock, and J L Apfelbaum
March 2011, Journal of sports sciences,
J P Zacny, and M A McKay, and A Y Toledano, and S Marks, and C J Young, and P A Klock, and J L Apfelbaum
January 1998, Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.),
J P Zacny, and M A McKay, and A Y Toledano, and S Marks, and C J Young, and P A Klock, and J L Apfelbaum
November 1997, Drug and alcohol dependence,
J P Zacny, and M A McKay, and A Y Toledano, and S Marks, and C J Young, and P A Klock, and J L Apfelbaum
April 1997, Drug and alcohol dependence,
J P Zacny, and M A McKay, and A Y Toledano, and S Marks, and C J Young, and P A Klock, and J L Apfelbaum
December 1999, Addiction (Abingdon, England),
J P Zacny, and M A McKay, and A Y Toledano, and S Marks, and C J Young, and P A Klock, and J L Apfelbaum
March 1996, Behavioural pharmacology,
J P Zacny, and M A McKay, and A Y Toledano, and S Marks, and C J Young, and P A Klock, and J L Apfelbaum
January 1988, Psychopharmacology,
J P Zacny, and M A McKay, and A Y Toledano, and S Marks, and C J Young, and P A Klock, and J L Apfelbaum
January 1992, Psychopharmacology,
J P Zacny, and M A McKay, and A Y Toledano, and S Marks, and C J Young, and P A Klock, and J L Apfelbaum
January 1989, Psychopharmacology,
J P Zacny, and M A McKay, and A Y Toledano, and S Marks, and C J Young, and P A Klock, and J L Apfelbaum
May 1989, Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior,
Copied contents to your clipboard!