Biomaterial Database

9-cis-retinoic acid induces neuronal differentiation of retinoic acid-nonresponsive embryonal carcinoma cells. 1996

Y Yokota, and H Ohkubo

Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Japan.

P19 mouse embryonal carcinoma cells differentiate into neurons and glial cells when treated with retinoic acid. In contrast, a subline of the P19 cells, RAC65, is known to show little sign of differentiation with the treatment. We treated the two embryonal carcinoma (EC) cell lines with 9-cis-retinoic acid and investigated its neuron-inducing activity. In P19 cells, 9-cis-retinoic acid showed an activity equal to that of all-trans-retinoic acid. However in RAC65 cells, 9-cis-retinoic acid induced neurons 10-fold more effectively than all-trans-retinoic acid. The order in which various retinoids appeared in P19 cells corresponded to that of retinoic acid receptors, and the order in RAC65 cells to that of retinoid X receptors (RXRs). Furthermore we found that the down-regulation of retinoid X receptor-gamma mRNA expression was associated with neuronal differentiation in both embryonal carcinoma cell lines. In addition, a synthetic RXR-selective retinoid induced neurons from both EC cells. Our findings support an intriguing possibility that the 9-cis-retinoic acid/retinoid X receptor system may play an important role in neural differentiation.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D009474	Neurons	The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.	Nerve Cells,Cell, Nerve,Cells, Nerve,Nerve Cell,Neuron
D002454	Cell Differentiation	Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.	Differentiation, Cell,Cell Differentiations,Differentiations, Cell
D004305	Dose-Response Relationship, Drug	The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.	Dose Response Relationship, Drug,Dose-Response Relationships, Drug,Drug Dose-Response Relationship,Drug Dose-Response Relationships,Relationship, Drug Dose-Response,Relationships, Drug Dose-Response
D000077610	Bexarotene	A rexinoid (an RXR-binding ligand), tetrahydronaphthalene derivative and RETINOID X RECEPTOR antagonist that is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA.	3-methyl-TTNEB,4-(1-(3,5,5,8,8-Pentamethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthyl)ethenyl)benzoic acid,LG69 compound,LGD 1069,LGD-1069,LGD1069,Targretin
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D012176	Retinoids	A group of tetraterpenes, with four terpene units joined head-to-tail. Biologically active members of this class are used clinically in the treatment of severe cystic ACNE; PSORIASIS; and other disorders of keratinization.	Retinoid
D012333	RNA, Messenger	RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.	Messenger RNA,Messenger RNA, Polyadenylated,Poly(A) Tail,Poly(A)+ RNA,Poly(A)+ mRNA,RNA, Messenger, Polyadenylated,RNA, Polyadenylated,mRNA,mRNA, Non-Polyadenylated,mRNA, Polyadenylated,Non-Polyadenylated mRNA,Poly(A) RNA,Polyadenylated mRNA,Non Polyadenylated mRNA,Polyadenylated Messenger RNA,Polyadenylated RNA,RNA, Polyadenylated Messenger,mRNA, Non Polyadenylated
D013237	Stereoisomerism	The phenomenon whereby compounds whose molecules have the same number and kind of atoms and the same atomic arrangement, but differ in their spatial relationships. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)	Molecular Stereochemistry,Stereoisomers,Stereochemistry, Molecular,Stereoisomer
D013764	Tetrahydronaphthalenes	Partially saturated 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene compounds.	Tetralins
D014157	Transcription Factors	Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.	Transcription Factor,Factor, Transcription,Factors, Transcription