Tooth lead levels in Birmingham children. 1977

A C Mackie, and R Stephens, and A Townshend

The mean lead content of deciduous teeth from children living in the city of Birmingham (U.K.) has been shown to be 11.8 ppm dry weight, irrespective of the sex of the donor. Lead content varies according to type of tooth, and there is a gradient from incisors, with the highest level, to second molars, with the lowest. A relationship was shown between age of donor and lead content of canines and (when lognormalized data were considered) first molars. We were not able to demonstrate a correlation between tooth lead levels and residence near a potential industrial lead source, and we conclude that pollution from a general source is responsible for the body burdens we found.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007180 Incisor Any of the eight frontal teeth (four maxillary and four mandibular) having a sharp incisal edge for cutting food and a single root, which occurs in man both as a deciduous and a permanent tooth. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p820) Incisors
D007221 Industry Any enterprise centered on the processing, assembly, production, or marketing of a line of products, services, commodities, or merchandise, in a particular field often named after its principal product. Examples include the automobile, fishing, music, publishing, insurance, and textile industries. Tertiary Sector,Industries,Sector, Tertiary,Sectors, Tertiary,Tertiary Sectors
D007854 Lead A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb.
D008297 Male Males
D008963 Molar The most posterior teeth on either side of the jaw, totaling eight in the deciduous dentition (2 on each side, upper and lower), and usually 12 in the permanent dentition (three on each side, upper and lower). They are grinding teeth, having large crowns and broad chewing surfaces. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p821) Molars
D002648 Child A person 6 to 12 years of age. An individual 2 to 5 years old is CHILD, PRESCHOOL. Children
D002675 Child, Preschool A child between the ages of 2 and 5. Children, Preschool,Preschool Child,Preschool Children
D004739 England A part of Great Britain within the United Kingdom.
D005260 Female Females
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man

Related Publications

A C Mackie, and R Stephens, and A Townshend
November 1976, The Science of the total environment,
A C Mackie, and R Stephens, and A Townshend
February 1973, British medical journal,
A C Mackie, and R Stephens, and A Townshend
December 1995, Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology,
A C Mackie, and R Stephens, and A Townshend
December 1987, The Science of the total environment,
A C Mackie, and R Stephens, and A Townshend
May 1980, Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine,
A C Mackie, and R Stephens, and A Townshend
November 1993, Calcified tissue international,
A C Mackie, and R Stephens, and A Townshend
May 2010, International journal of paediatric dentistry,
A C Mackie, and R Stephens, and A Townshend
October 1989, Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology,
A C Mackie, and R Stephens, and A Townshend
October 1991, Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology,
A C Mackie, and R Stephens, and A Townshend
September 1994, American journal of epidemiology,
Copied contents to your clipboard!